Values of American political thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Values of American political thought - Essay Example The American government derives its power from the people in form of a constitution which ensures checks and balances. America was a British colony and therefore subjected to the English law and constitution and is a monarchy form of a government ruled by hereditary kings. In such form of government, the will of the king is the law of the land hence the people are subject to oppression (Paine). The pilgrims from Britain thus found a colony in America and settled in the northern parts of Virginia and signed the mayflower compact on 11 November, 1620 to â€Å"preserve order and further their aims† (Mount). They thus created laws and constitutions and all individuals were to be bound by these laws. The laws ensured equality and fairness and determined the authority of the governors and were the foundation of the U.S constitution. According to Paine, men are born free and equal and live together as a society but as the population increases, the resources become scarce thus the nee d for designing regulations to govern the sharing which eventually become laws. The societies also enlarge and it becomes difficult to address all of their concerns hence the need to elect representatives who have the same interests as the majority thus forming a government. The American government is based on this idea of equality and fairness; it is a republican government which derives its power from the people through their representatives in the House of Representatives.The declaration of independence in 1776 also indicates that the government derives its power or authority from the governed.... The congress is made up of House of Representatives and the senate whereby the members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people. Madison James asserts that people have diverse interests hence the society is divided into parties consisting people of common interests. The federal government is able to break and control the violence brought about by factions through the use of the constitution. According to him, state governments are not able to do this as they have majority people with same interests hence fewer parties and may not represent the interest of all people. However, federal government is vast and few people represent the interests of the majority thus it is difficult to have biased interests. The constitution thus checks and balances the authority and power of government by controlling the effects of factions (Federalist, 10). The democratic form of government is a major competitor of the republican form of government. This type of government derives power and authority from the people the only difference from the republican government being that in the former, the people exercise their power directly whereas in the latter people exercise their power through representation in the government. The people in the democratic government meet often since they are situated at short distances but the number of individuals is limited to a certain number. The states that form the federal government are sovereign and have been against control by the federal government. The federal government makes and administers laws which are limited and the state governments make laws that concern only the state (Federalist, 14). They are smaller in size

Bycommitting suicide Essay Example for Free

Bycommitting suicide Essay Discuss the view that Eva Smith was an immoral troublemaker who, by  committing suicide, was responsible for her own fate, and the murder of her unborn child  This statement is neither right nor wrong, it has two different sides to it, and in this essay I shall try and discuss both sides of this opinion.  Eva Smith had an acceptable job at Mr Birlings factory, and she had the normal wages of a factory worker, but these wages were as low as the factory could make them, and they werent nearly enough to live off. With a few of her fellow workers Eva decided to ask for higher wages, instead of twenty-two and six they asked for twenty-five shillings a week, which is only two and a half shillings more, hardly a substantial increase. Their boss refused, so they decided to go on strike to try and get the rise that they wanted. However their pitiful savings didnt last long, and eventually they had to return to the factory, and ask for their jobs back. Most of the girls were taken on again, apart from the ring leaders, who were fired. Eva was one of these ring leaders, and she was fired along with the others. Mr Birling says that she was a good worker and that the foreman there told me he was ready to promote her into a leading operator head of a small group of girls. If Mr Birling himself said that she was a good worker then he didnt have to fire her, he could have kept her on and she would have worked even harder as a result of that. Also Mr Birling said that they should work for lower costs and higher prices, and why shouldnt Eva  strive for higher wages too? However no one forced Eva into taking part in the strike, and she should have been satisfied with the job that she had, she was better off than some people, and at least she had some wages. Also she would have known that it wasnt easy to find another job, and she shouldnt have risked so much on such a small pay rise, it was reckless and thoughtless of her to have gone on strike. After much hard searching and a stroke of luck, Eva managed to find another, very good job in Milwards, an expensive clothes shop. She was fired after only a couple of months, just when she felt she was settling down nicely (Inspector). She was fired through no fault of her own, but because of Shelia losing her temper, and because of Shelias jealousy of Eva. Shelia says that Eva was a very pretty girl with big dark eyes, and she looked as if she could take care of herself, so Shelia decided to use her power as a valued customer to fire her. There was nothing wrong with the way she was doing her work. They [the shop owners] admitted that. (Inspector). Shelia admits that she had been in a foul temper, and had taken it out on Eva by telling the manager of Milwards that if they didnt get rid of that girl, Id never go near the place again and Id persuade mother to close our account with them. All Eva had done is supposedly to smirk at the assistant whilst Shelia was trying on an ill-fitting dress. There is no proof that Eva had done this at all, and it is probably a figment of Shelias angry imagination at the time. Yet on the other hand, Eva may have smiled at the assistant because Shelia looked silly, to say doesnt she look awful (Sheila) and if she did, this was very presumptuous of her and she should have been more respectful of the customers. As a last resort to gain money, Eva (or Daisy, which she changed her name to) then went to the Palace Bar, and became a woman of the town. There was no other way for Eva to then make money apart from turning to prostitution. In the Palace Bar one night she was picked up by a friendly and handsome man, who offered her a set of rooms to stay in for a while, in fact he even insisted on Daisy moving into those rooms and he made her take some money to keep her going there (Gerald). Not surprisingly she said yes, for a woman in her position this must have been a lovely offer! She must have known what he would have wanted from her, but what he was  offering seemed so perfect, probably almost like heaven. He said he would supply food for her, and all she would have to do is offer herself to him in return. What woman in that situation would say no? She was broke, with no home, no way of earning an income, and it was stay with a nice man in a lovely set of rooms instead of prostitution. It wasnt remotely immoral of her to have taken Geralds money; he offered it freely to her, even insisted upon her taking it, and even though she did accept it, she also gave him what he wanted in return. Throughout the time she stayed with him, its not surprising that she gradually fell in love with him. He was so persuasive and charming, and she had never been cared for like that before, she  couldnt help but feel that way about him, he must have seemed like a saviour to her. Gerald says that she was intensely grateful and that he became at once the most important person in her life. Their relationship was completely dictated by Gerald; he was the one who started the relationship and if he wanted to see her, he would have to go to her, she could never come to him. Also Gerald only thought about his wants and needs during the relationship, he would never take into consideration that she  might miss him or she might wish he was with her more, it was only his thoughts that mattered. This is shown particularly by Gerald dropping Daisy as soon as he wanted to, when it was convenient for him. He didnt even think about whether it was convenient for her, he didnt ask her to leave, he just told her that she had to. Also Gerald knew that she had fallen in love with him, I didnt feel about her as she felt about me but he didnt let this bother him about leaving her, because he had never loved her, so it didnt matter that he was never going to see her. It was irrelevant to him that she loved him more than anyone else in the world; it didnt affect him. Then when he did ask her to leave she was very gallant about it (Gerald). This shows that she knew it wasnt going to last for ever; she wasnt stupid. However, on the other side of this point, it was stupid of Daisy to go to the Palace Bar in the first place. She knew what went on in the Bar, and she knew that the men didnt exactly treat the women there nicely. It was silly to put herself at risk to the rough-handling of men, and she should have expected what Gerald had done to her. Daisy should have tried for another job instead of going to the dangerous Palace Bar. She  could have at least applied for a factory job, like the one she had before, or she could have made an attempt to look for one. Also, she would have known that she would fall for this dashing young man who saved her from prostitution, and she should have refused his offer. She would have known that he wouldnt look after her forever, and she shouldnt have let herself get emotionally attached to him in the first place.

Revolutionary Opinion :: essays papers

Revolutionary Opinion They all say, ?Taxation without representation is tyranny.? Those revolutionary fools! Surely they jest! I am well aware that many of my fellow townspeople believe in this notion. It is rather sensible, after all. Who really likes to pay taxes? Not I! However, all those that subscribe to this train of thought are living in a dream world. In reality, it is the other way around. ?Representation without taxation is tyranny.? Revolution is futile and will only result in more taxes for the whiners to gripe and moan about. Frankly, I?ve had enough. A few days ago, I saw some protesters walking down the road chanting and marching with signs that read "Taxation Without Representation Is Tyranny.? I seem to remember that other Americans also once expressed similar views. Most people would now regard that point as a fair one. I am no great fan of democracy, as I prefer liberty, but even I can agree that people who are taxed but not allowed to vote are likely to be more than averagely oppressed by those who can vote. This then prompted me to consider the converse proposition: Representation Without Taxation Is Tyranny. It would, of course, be a fallacy to think that this is entailed by the first proposition, but surely it is just as reasonable. If we must have state services, it should at least be for those who pay for them to vote for which services they want and how much they wish to pay. To allow those providing, or living off, the services to vote is like allowing a shopkeeper to vote on what you must buy from him, or a beggar to vote on what you must give him. Naturally, I hear them say, ?but doesn't everyone pay tax, at least on goods and services?? Furthermore, is it not trivially true, insofar as morals can be ?true?? No, they do not and it is not. Not by a long shot. Lord Grenville, everyone?s favorite exchequer, has recently been parading around town saying how he realizes that the recent practices of taxation have been unfair and how he relates to the feelings of the townspeople. He even went so far as to state, or shall I say lie, about how much he strongly dislikes his job because he, like everyone else, has to pay taxes.

Changing Role of the Artist from Different Times

Art is contemporarily defined as the product or process of deliberately arranging symbolic elements in a way that influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression. The renaissance is the rebirth of classicism; classicism comes from the ancient Greece and Rome; they portray art to captivate perfection, harmony and order. Italian High Renaissance artists achieved ideal of harmony and balance comparable with the works of ancient Greece or Rome.Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. Forms, colours and proportions, light and shade effects, spatial harmony, composition, perspective, anatomy – all are handled with total control and a level of accomplishment for which there are no real precedents. Up until the middle ages, the role and status of artists in society were similar to other skilled, manual workers. They we re usually employed to work on specific commissions. Most artists worked anonymously.Any prestige associated with an artwork reflected more for or about, rather than on the artists. Until the 18th Century artists learnt their ‘trade’ as apprentices in the workshops of established artists. In retrospect this was the time period of sexual discrimination; men were still seen as highly regarded over the typical status of women. So only men could be certified and had the opportune to be an artist. During the renaissance there was a new emphasis on art as an intellectual activity, not just a manual skill.This altered the role of the artist; the renaissance artists played an active role in the intellectual life of the period, many of them wrote treaties on subjects such as perspective and painting. Their achievements as individuals were now recognised, and often celebrated. Some artists, such as Michelangelo Buonarroti, were seen as having almost divine creative powers. This e stablished artists as geniuses. Artists were portrayed as artist heroes- the artists creative powers were a revelation of god’s creative powers on earth.The artist as a romantic genius was a development of the renaissance artist as a hero. That the superlative artist gained superlative social positions; they were proclaimed as men of genius, their powers of creation exalted as never before. Concept of the artist as a genius was appropriate to an age obsessed with the potential of man and the style of talents personality. In the late 18th Century a German philosopher Immanuel Kant put forward the idea that artists are geniuses who are born rather then taught. Michelangelo Buonarroti; a renaissance Italian Male (born 1475-1664) was perceived as a born genius.His role as an artist was established as an high renaissance male who was multidiscipline and a mulit-skilled painter, sculpture, poet and scientist of anatomy; he was highly regarded as a ‘god like’ figure. Hi s tumultuous career, with its perpetual struggles and its passionate commitment to art, was to become the master pattern for the romantic genius. Michelangelo’s artistic skills were perceived to originate from birth nevertheless he practised as a trained apprentice at the age of 13 in the workshop of the established art master Domenico Ghirlandaio in Florence.Though as an early artist he was regarded by his father as he proclaimed that â€Å"Artists are no better than shoe-makers. The neoplatonic thought that was current amongst all seemed to underlie not only his poetry but much of his paintings and sculptures as he expressed â€Å"sculpture is the painting as the sun is to the moon. † Michelangelo’s reputation was established by the sale of a ‘sleeping Cupid’ as a genius antique. In its exquisite finish, its flawless classism, and it evocation of the human activity in the divine and the divine in the human, the pieta is indeed a consummation of f ifteenth century art.The perfection of the two figured is informed both by an expert knowledge of anatomy and by the Neoplatonic theory; that the beauty of the body is an expression of its spirit. Michelangelo was commissioned in 1501 by the new republican government to carve a colossal ‘David’, symbol of resistance and independence. Later in 1508 Michelangelo was summoned by Pope Julius II, to the Sistine chapel ceiling; this was Michelangelo’s most celebrated work.Panels portraying key stories from Genesis are surrounded by a framework with additional scenes and figured for a 4 year period. The ceiling endured Michelangelo’s deep religious faith, expressed through a profound reverence for the classical Antiquity. A modern art was nationally acclaimed and recognized. Modern Artists were perceived as an Avant Guarde that challenged the main stream, traditional art. It was focused on the artist brain. Modernism reflecting the industrial revolution; was the era of mass production and consumption. One development vident in the modern era, spurred by technological growth in this century, has augmented the artist role in society; the commercialization of art through the expansion of entertainment, communications, and indoctrination media. In this modern time period society did not establish the role of artist, the artist decided for themselves what role they would play in their art. Andy Warhol disrupted the common views of the role each artist should play in their art. Andy Warhol was a modern American male (born in 1928-87); He is a pop artist whose role as artist as a celebrity.His practise involves commercial artist advertisement and illustor. His portraits developed from Polaroid photographs. In Warhol’s art, there is absolutely no sign of the artist’s hand or that this piece was even made by an artist. An unknowing viewer might suspect that it belongs in a grocery store rather than not a gallery or a museum. Since he u ses different techniques than traditional artists, at times he may never touch the piece at all and it still will be credited to him. This corresponds to what was once expected from the artist. Skill is no longer involved; it is much more about content, conceptual appearance, and processes.He is infatuated by food, sex, death and fame; this fatuation led to consumer product, nudity and celebrity icons such as Jackie Kennedy, Elvis Privily and Marilyn. Warhol had a specific, obvious style; He used repetition and simplification. Popular culture has a huge influence on his art. His art caused controversy in society. His art challenged the modernist idea of originality of the artist. Critics originally ridiculed Pop Art; â€Å"A range of distasteful, stupid, vulgar, assertive and ugly manifestations of the worst kind of our society. (Solomon) Another critic Norbert Lynton quoted â€Å"pop art seems on the whole leave aside the basic questions and values of art. † The public resp onded t it favourably. American society, the post WWII and the cold war hugely influenced his art. Warhol would conditionally say Conflicting statements that shocked and corrupted society; â€Å"I want everyone to think alike. I think everybody should be a machine,† &â€Å"Once you see pop art, you can’t see America in the same way. † Andy Warhol picked his subjects off supermarket shelves and from the front pages of the tabloids. He would then mass-produce the image, repeating them by silkscreen duplication.The well-known images pushed art out of the museum and into mainstream. Warhol’s â€Å"100 can of Campbell’s Soup† created in 1962; was cans assembled in a line. The serial images of consumer items in a hard-edged graphic style, Warhol wanted a machinelike art without social comment or emotion. From 1963-68 Warhol made more than sixty films which reached new depths of banality. One silent film, â€Å"Sleep† runs six hours, capturi ng every non-nuance of a man sleeping; â€Å"I like boring things† Warhol stated. A natural self-promoter, Andy Warhol made himself into a media sensation; he conflicted the original role of the artist.A Post-modern artist has adapted from a modern Avant Guarde to the role of a deconstructor of previous roles. The Post-modern time period accepts both genders as artist. With the vast technological development art has new expressive forms; 2D, 3D and 4D. Their role is to convey messages to society that otherwise would go unheard, or perhaps cannot be said. Andy Goldsworthy is a British male born in 1956, Goldsworthy is a post-modern /contemporary artist; He is a trained artist who studied at Bradford College (1974-1975). He is an intuitive, solitary, environmental sculpture and land artist.His art practise involves natural installations that is documented using film and photography that is viewed by the public through published books of his art. Goldsworthy uses natural materia ls from his property in Britain and the scour river. This material consists of rocks, ice, twigs, leaves, clay, stone, water and flowers. His conceptual practise relies on the earth; â€Å"I need the earth but it doesn’t need me. † The ‘Dumfriesshire clay wall’ was created in June 1999; this was a filmed process that captured the decay. Goldsworthy ideology was focused on the cycle of collapse and rebirth; â€Å"I like to push things to the point of collapse.Goldsworthy has a deep conceptual meaning and symbolism in each of his artworks. He was influenced by nature, weather and seasonal change. â€Å"Movement, change, light, growth and decay are the lifeblood of nature, the energies that I try to tap through my work. † Goldsworthy’s â€Å"Storm King Wall† is a wall commissioned with builders to be 1. 8m high stretching across a forester, weaving through trees. The wall was built with stability to outlast seasonal change. One of his wo rks â€Å"The rowan leaves and hole† is autumn leaves organised in corresponding order of colour that spirals to make a black hole.Goldsworthy symbolises hole as death. Andy Goldsworthy challenges traditional ideas; the process instead of the art is the most important thing. Goldsworthy provokes at the role of the traditional artist. Examining the historical art we draw a conclusion about the nature of a society, and even this period of time, contemporary artists still say a lot about society and the mainstream way of thinking. The role of the artist has established as a manual worker, to an Avant Guarde that has adopted, manipulated and changed overtime. Artists are the mouthpiece of their culture.

Hinduism and Christianity

There are many known religions of the world and all of them have their own uniqueness about them. Some people are born into their religious faith and some are converts to their perspective religion. I have chosen Hinduism to compare and contrast with my religion Christianity. I found Hinduism to be an interesting religion to research because of the myths about idol worship and the Hindu place of worship, the temple. Through my research of references, material, an interview, a face to face visit, and common knowledge I will convey the history, provide an overview, and clarify some of the myths of Hinduism and Christianity.Both religions have some differences but they also have some commonalities among them. Hinduism and Christianity are distinctly different religions; however, they do posses some similarities between them such as, God the Holy Trinity, The Holy Book, and different denominations within the religion. [Well developed introduction] Hinduism is one of the oldest religions, originating over six thousand years ago in India, of the world and one of which that does not have no one founder. The root word of Hinduism, Hindu, derived from the name of River Indus.This river flows through the northern region of India and in early times the river was called Sindhu. The Persians that migrated to India called the river the Hindu, the land Hindustan, its inhabitants Hindus. The religion soon followed and came to be known as Hinduism. Hinduism is both monotheistic and henotheistic or having belief in only one God. â€Å"Hindus all believe in one Supreme God who created the universe. He is all-pervasive. He created many Gods, highly advanced spiritual beings, to be His helpers† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007).There is a misconception that Hindus are worshipers of idol Gods; this misconception comes from lack of knowledge and understanding. Hindus worship the Supreme Being, God, but through different names. This was done due to the people of earlier In dia having different languages and cultures. They came to understand the one God in their own distinct way. So there came to be three representations of God or Brahman and they are: Brahma-the Creator, Vishnu- the Sustainer, and Siva or Shiva- the Destroyer. These Gods can be referred to as 3-in-1 or the Trinity and they all have a multitude of spiritual beings which are a reflection of the one God.From these Gods arose four denominations or sects of Hinduism and they are Saivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, and Smartism. In Saivism the worshipers are called Saivites and God is Siva; in Vaishnavism they are called Vaishnavites and Lord Vishu is God; in Shaktism worshipers are called Shaktas and Goddess Shakti is Supreme; and Smartism they are called Smartas and all deities are seen and worshiped as the one God. In Hinduism it is believed that when God created the universe that he divinely set in place order and laws to preside over His creation. God’s divine law in Hinduism is cal led dharma.Dharma is the inner spirit of man or God within the person. Dharma aides one to discern what is morally right and wrong, disciplines, instills good order, spiritual truth and growth, and salvation. Dharma is not only connected spiritually and religiously but it is also associated with man’s law as well. According to Paul Hacker, â€Å"†¦the entire realm of civil law, criminal law, and state craft-royal law form part of dharma† (Hacker, P. , 2006, p. 483). Now that we have divine law there must be something to support the law, so do Hindus have a Bible? Yes, they do have a Bible. â€Å"Our â€Å"Bible† is called the Veda.The Veda, which means â€Å"wisdom,† is comprised of four ancient and holy scriptures which all Hindus revere as the revealed word of God† (Hacker, P. , 2006, p. 483). The Veda is the Hindu holy book and it is comprised of four books, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva, which include over 100,000 verses (Hacker, P. , 2006, p. 483). Reincarnation is another belief of Hindus and the term carnate means in the flesh and reincarnate means to reenter the flesh. â€Å"Yes, we believe the soul is immortal and takes birth time and time again. Through this process, we have experiences, learn lessons, and evolve spiritually.Finally we graduated from physical birth† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007). The graduation from the physical birth is the result of maturing in love, wisdom, and knowledge of God through following dharma. Hindus also believe that everything in nature is reincarnated, nature’s life cycle, not just the human soul. The term Karma is used quite often in the American society and it has come to mean that you are receiving that which you deserve. In most cases the American society equate karma to be negative; meaning that you have done something bad or wrong and you are now receiving its results.However Hindus take the whole spectrum of karma positive and negative; good and bad. The Hindus take the meaning and explanation of karma to be, â€Å"†¦the universal principle of cause and effect. Our actions, both good and bad, come back to us in the future, helping us to learn from life’s lessons and become better people† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007). In Hinduism all living creatures are regarded as sacred with a special affection toward the cow. So the question arises, do Hindus worship the cow? â€Å"Hindus don’t worship cows. We respect, honor and adore the cow.By honoring this gentle animal, who gives more than she takes, we honor all creatures† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007). Cows are known for yielding milk, its meat and its hide and all of these things are used to produce a multitude of everyday products that we have become to love, need, and enjoy. Hindus believe in non-violence in regards to all forms of life, therefore, most Hindus are vegetarians. There aren’t laws that forbid the consumption o f meat but through wisdom Hindus determine what they will put into their own body.However, â€Å"Hindus teach vegetarianism as a way to live with a minimum of hurt to other beings. But in today’s world not all Hindus are vegetarians† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007). It is common to see Hindus wearing a red dot on the middle of their forehead and most people will identify Indians, native of India, with wearing the dot. The meaning of the wearing of the dot, â€Å"†¦is a religious symbol. It represents divine sight and shows that one is a Hindu. For women, it is also a beauty mark† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007).This dot is called a bindi and many, many years ago both men and women wore a bindi but today it is most common for women to faithfully wear them. Finally the Hindus have a caste system which consists of different levels within the Indian society. â€Å"Caste is the hereditary divisions of Indian society based on occupation. The lowest class, deemed untouchables, suffer from discrimination and mistreatment. It is illegal in India to discriminate against, abuse or insult anyone on the basis of caste† (Kauai’s Hindu Monastery, 2007). The caste system is broken down into four categories or varnas.The varnas are comprised of the worker, businessman, general, and priest. The beliefs and teachings of Hinduism are the belief in one God with different names; there is only one Supreme God or Brahman but He has many reflections. Hindus believe the divine law or dharma and the holy books of Veda are used to support the law. They also believe the soul is immortal and birth takes place many times otherwise known as reincarnation. Hindus are firm believers in karma and that your past words, deeds, or actions will return to you in the future.They regard all living creatures as sacred but they revere the cow as a symbol for all living creatures. Hindus are taught to be non-harming toward any living being. The teachi ng of vegetarianism is taught to minimize harm toward other beings. Although it is taught vegetarianism is not practiced by all Hindus. There is one distinct religious symbol that is worn on the forehead by some Hindus called a bindi, a red dot, and it is commonly worn by the Hindu women. There are four classes of people which are known as the caste system in the Indian Society.Hinduism is a very unique religion and it is very similar to other religions, however, without a clear understanding of Hinduism one might misinterpret and relay incorrect information about the religion. Knowing the beliefs and teachings with the reasoning behind them provides a clear understanding of Hinduism. The Hindu temple I chose to visit is in Riverdale, Georgia which is located approximately 15 miles south of downtown Atlanta. The temple is sculptured in design with a majestic appearance; it is white in color and it situated atop of a hill. The temple permits entrance to anyone as long as you abide by the rules.One of the rules is to remove your shoes prior to entering the temple. This is not a religious practice but cultural, Indians do this because it is dirty outside and it is clean inside, therefore shoes should be removed before entering a temple or home. Another rule is there are to be no loud noises because this is a time of worship. Inside the temple there are sanctums situated around the temple with the various deities inside them. The priest stands at the entrance of the sanctum of the main God Lord Vishnu and the worshipers walk around to the different deities submitting their prayers.There is no set order for mass worship but it is up to the individual as to what prayers they will submit and to what deity. After touring and witnessing the worship taking place I am glad to say that I was able to experience Hindu worship and to clear up any myths I may have had prior to my visit. While at the temple I was given the opportunity to interview the President of the Temple, Mr. Ravi Sarma. He was very welcoming and pleased that I wanted to know more about his religion. Mr. Sarma grew up as a liberal Hindu not having any strict rules enforced.As an adult he transitioned to the orthodox side of Hinduism, which is very traditional and strict. It was from Mr. Sarma that I received a better understanding of the Gods in Hinduism; after he explained that Hindus belief in one God but with different symbols or expressions. Mr. Sarma went in to detail about the Trinity of Hinduism and how it works as a cycle or reincarnation. The Cycle of Hinduism begins life with Brahma the Creator, life is sustained through Vishnu the Sustainer, and Siva the Destroyer into whom everything goes; the cycle then repeats itself.Even though most of the deities are in the feminine aspect referred to as Durgar; God is neutral being neither male nor female. Mr. Sarma went over the following holidays: Diwali-a festival of lights, Pongal / Sankranti- a harvest festival, Holi- a spring f estival, Ugadi-New Years (comes in spring), and Navratri (Dasara)- a nine day fall festival. Speaking one-on-one with Mr. Sarma I gained a valid knowledge about Hinduism and it also brought a clearer understanding of the course text, references, and materials.My religious faith is that of Christianity, which began some two thousand years ago. The faith of Christianity is predicated upon the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Fisher, 2005, p. 284). In Hinduism the term The Trinity is used but is most commonly used in Christianity. Some Christians refer to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit as the Trinity. All of these names are known as God the one and only. God the Father is the creator of all things. God the Son is Jesus, the son of God and savior to all. The Holy Spirit is the spirit of God and the comforter to all.There are two branches or denominations of Christianity and they are Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. The Roman Catholic Church is the first church of Christianity and the largest Christian denomination. Protestantism is the second major branch of Christianity, which, broke off from The Roman Catholic Church. My denomination Baptist falls within Protestantism. The term Baptist describes individuals belonging to a Baptist church. The name comes from the conviction that followers of Jesus Christ are commanded to be baptized or immersed in water as a public display of their faith.To live eternally is believed that through baptism and according to scripture, â€Å"If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. † (Romans 10:9). It does not stop here; we must also be led by the Holy Spirit to do what is right. Therefore we have the Golden rule as it relates to karma is to treat others as you would want to be treated. The holy book that is used in Christianity is called the Holy Bible. The Holy Bible is comprised of the Old and New T estament.The Old Testament consists of 39 books and the New Testament consists of 27 books. As with most religions there are different levels of leadership within Christianity to provide purpose, direction, and teachings such as a Bishop, Pastor, ministers, and deacons. Christianity is based upon the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Fisher, 2005, p. 284). The belief in the Holy Trinity, eternal life through baptism, treating all beings as you want to be treated, and the Holy Bible are beliefs of Christianity.There are also two major branches of Christianity, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, with Baptist being one within Protestantism. Within the various denominations there are different levels of leadership. In comparing Hinduism with Christianity I realized that there are some similar terms used but they mean something different for each religion. Both religions are monotheistic and they both have their own representation of the Holy Trinity. As Hindus believe in reincarnation Christians believe in eternal life of the soul. In Hinduism there are only four denominations where as in Christianity there are many.Lastly they both have a sacred book; in Hinduism the Veda is used and in Christianity the Holy Bible is used. I found Hinduism to be a very interesting religion and I was surprised to find out there were some commonalities between Christianity and Hinduism. By Hinduism having some of the same similarities as Christianity and with the reinforcement from my interview helped me to better understand Hinduism. Hinduism and Christianity are distinctly different religions; however, they do posses some similarities between them such as, God the Holy Trinity, The Holy Book, and different denominations within the religion.

Robert Downey Jr. essays

Robert Downey Jr. essays Ten years he could have done without personally. Ten years his career could not have done without. Robert Downey Jr. seems just the latest poster boy for an over indulgent, self-destructive generation. The 90s showed more than a few shoots and ladders for Downey. Its 1993, and it looks like he is on top of the world. Theres a loving wife, a newborn son, and an Oscar nomination for his performance as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin. But theres more to this story. Im starting to think, you know maybe I better start thinking about the marathon instead of the sprint, says Downey. Robert Downey Sr., his father, is the one who first introduced his six-year-old son to marijuana. I think a lot of us did things and thought it would be hypocritical not to have our kids participate in marijuana, and so we thought it was cute to let them smoke it and all. It was an idiot move on our parts. Downey Senior admits. Until 1996, none of his problems had become public. But the carefully constructed image was beginning to shake. His wife, model/actress Deborah Falconer, moved out in April, taking their two-year-old son with them. Falconer, a former addict herself, later said that part of it was because of his drug abuse. And then, on June 23rd Downey was pulled over on the Pacific Coast Highway for speeding. Malibu police found heroin and cocaine in his black Ford Explorer. He was arrested, and charged with two felony counts of drug possession, along with misdemeanor charges of driving under the influence, and being under the influence of a controlled substance. He was released on bail, pending trial. On July 16, only three weeks later, police receive a 911 call from a woman claiming a strange man had passed out in her childs bed. Police arrive to find Robert Downey Jr., indeed passed out in a childs bedroom. Apparently under the influence, he wandered into his neighbor&a...

Sandhills Community College Alexander the Great Re Essays - Film

Sandhills Community College Alexander the Great Re Essays - Film Sandhills Community College Alexander the Great Research Paper Shianne Buie Professor Leake HIS 111-SN 1 April 16th, 2017 Famous playwright William Shakespeare once wrote , " S ome men are born great, some achieve greatness, and o thers have greatness thrust upon them . " In many ways, Alexander III of Macedon falls into all three of those categories. (History Channel) During the course of his life Alexander was filled with remarkable achievements and today is known as one of the most memorable rulers in history. Due to his impressive expansion of the Greek empire, admirable intuition as a politician and th e l oyalty he inspired in his men , Alexander the Great has earned himself the title as one of the most accomplished leaders of all time. Alexander III was born sometime in July of 356 BC to t he rulers of Macedonia, King Phillip II and his wife Olympias who, along with the entire kingdom, had very high hopes for the child. While the prince would indeed go on to be recognized as one of the greatest military geniuses of all time and amass the largest empire the ancient world had ever seen, he needed some guidance first. From the time he was very young, Alexander was being groomed to one day take over the kingdom and so he spent quite a good amount of his childhood in the company of tutors. He was taught how to fight, ride like any future soldier but was also educated in subjects such as s cience, literature and philosophy by none of than the famous philosopher Aristotle. Having this man as his teacher opened the prince ' s mind to countless possibilities and hopes for his future. There is actually good reason to believe that the philosophers teachings are part of the reason behind Alexander ' s unwavering desire for the expansion of his own empire. Alth ough the matter of circumstance did also play a large part in the series of events that would befall him in life. When the prince was just nineteen his father, Phillip II, was assassinated by his bodyguard captain at a feast for his daughters wedding. Alexander himself wasted no time in gaining the support he needed to claim the throne and once he had the backing of the generals and troops he had once fought alongside, he was proclaimed king. Though still quite young, the youth had already proven himself to be more than capable of defending the kingdom in his fathers absence so most had no problem accepting him as king. Shortly after ascending the throne, Alexander started out on the conquest of the Persian Empire, which would become recognized one of his greatest achievements. Being able to overthrow an empire as strong as Persia was no small feet, Alexander had to be a skilled tactician, intelligent and have loyal troops in order for everything to work out. If he had been lacking in any one of these areas then the entire battle may have gone a different way and the world we know today might've been completely different. Thankfully the young king had all the tools necessary to succeed in this endeavor and the outcome wound up in his favor. Since Persia had always been fierce rival of Greece, Alexander gained even more favor with his people once he proclaimed himself the new king after defeating all the opposing forces. He would then go on to overthrow Asia Minor, Egypt, India, Mesopotamia and other countless territories. The fact the Alexander managed to accomplish so much in only thirteen years as king showcases just was an incredible leader he was. In order to conquer so many empires, all while assuring his newfound subjects were content and never really attempted to rebel, Alexander had to be a truly gifted politician. Now in most parts of history once a nation had been taken over, their culture became all but lost, their r eligions were banned and the citizens were usually treated cruelly, sometimes they were even killed. However this wasn't the case with Alexander, he seemed to embrace the different cultures of each land he conquered and even incorporated some aspects into his own. Needless to say the

Spence v. Washington (1974)

Spence v. Washington (1974) Should the government be able to prevent people from attaching symbols, words, or pictures to American flags in public? That was the question before the Supreme Court in Spence v. Washington, a case where a college student was prosecuted for publicly displaying an American flag to which he had attached large peace symbols. The Court found that Spence had a constitutional right to use the American flag to communicate his intended message, even if the government disagreed with him. Fast Facts: Spence v. Washington Case Argued: January 9, 1974Decision Issued:  June 25, 1974Petitioner: Harold Omond SpenceRespondent: State of WashingtonKey Question: Was a Washington State law criminalizing the display of a modified American flag in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments?Majority Decision: Justices Douglas, Stewart, Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun, and PowellDissenting: Justices Burger, White, and RehnquistRuling: The right to modify the flag was an expression of freedom of speech, and as applied, the Washington State statute was in violation of the First Amendment.   Spence v. Washington: Background In Seattle, Washington, a college student named Spence hung an American flag outside the window of his private apartment - upside down and with peace symbols attached to both sides. He was protesting violent acts by the American government, for example in Cambodia and the fatal shootings of college students at Kent State University. He wanted to associate the flag more closely with peace than war: I felt there had been so much killing and that this was not what America stood for. I felt that the flag stood for America and I wanted people to know that I thought America stood for peace. Three police officers saw the flag, entered the apartment with Spence’s permission, seized the flag, and arrested him. Although Washington state had a law banning desecration of the American flag, Spence was charged under a law banning â€Å"improper use† of the American flag, denying people the right to: Place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, color, ensign or shield of the United States or of this state ... orExpose to public view any such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield upon which shall have been printed, painted or otherwise produced, or to which shall have been attached, appended, affixed or annexed any such word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement... Spence was convicted after the judge told the jury that merely displaying the flag with an attached peace symbol was sufficient grounds for conviction. He was fined $75 and sentenced to 10 days in jail (suspended). The Washington Court of Appeals reversed this, declaring that the law overbroad. The Washington Supreme Court reinstated the conviction and Spence appealed to the Supreme Court. Spence v. Washington: Decision In an unsigned, per curiam decision, the Supreme Court said the Washington law â€Å"impermissibly infringed a form of protected expression.† Several factors were cited: the flag was private property, it was displayed on private property, the display did not risk any breach of peace, and finally even the state admitted that Spence was â€Å"engaged in a form of communication.† As to whether the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an unalloyed symbol of our country,† the decision states: Presumably, this interest might be seen as an effort to prevent the appropriation of a revered national symbol by an individual, interest group, or enterprise where there was a risk that association of the symbol with a particular product or viewpoint might be taken erroneously as evidence of governmental endorsement. Alternatively, it might be argued that the interest asserted by the state court is based on the uniquely universal character of the national flag as a symbol.For the great majority of us, the flag is a symbol of patriotism, of pride in the history of our country, and of the service, sacrifice, and valor of the millions of Americans who in peace and war have joined together to build and to defend a Nation in which self-government and personal liberty endure. It evidences both the unity and diversity which are America. For others, the flag carries in varying degrees a different message. â€Å"A person gets from a symbol the meaning he puts into it, and what is one manâ⠂¬â„¢s comfort and inspiration is another’s jest and scorn.† None of this mattered, though. Even accepting a state interest here, the law was still unconstitutional because Spence was using the flag to express ideas which viewers would be able to understand. Given the protected character of his expression and in light of the fact that no interest the State may have in preserving the physical integrity of a privately owned flag was significantly impaired on these facts, the conviction must be invalidated. There was no risk that people would think the government was endorsing Spence’s message and the flag carries so many different meanings to people that the state cannot proscribe the use of the flag to express certain political views. Spence v. Washington: Significance This decision avoided dealing with whether people have a right to display flags they have permanently altered to make a statement. Spence’s alteration was deliberately temporary, and the justices appear to have thought this relevant. However, at least a free speech right to at least temporarily â€Å"deface† the American flag was established. The Supreme Court’s decision in Spence v. Washington was not unanimous. Three justices - Burger, Rehnquist, and White - disagreed with the majority’s conclusion that individuals have a free speech right to alter, even temporarily, an American flag in order to communicate some message. They agreed that Spence was indeed engaged in communicating a message, but they disagreed that Spence should be allowed to alter the flag to do so. Writing a dissent joined by Justice White, Justice Rehnquist stated: The true nature of the State’s interest in this case is not only one of preserving â€Å"the physical integrity of the flag,† but also one of preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity.† ... It is the character, not the cloth, of the flag which the State seeks to protect. [...]The fact that the State has a valid interest in preserving the character of the flag does not mean, of course, that it can employ all conceivable means to enforce it. It certainly could not require all citizens to own the flag or compel citizens to salute one. ... It presumably cannot punish criticism of the flag, or the principles for which it stands, any more than it could punish criticism of this country’s policies or ideas. But the statute in this case demands no such allegiance.Its operation does not depend upon whether the flag is used for communicative or noncommunicative purposes; upon whether a particular message is deemed commercial or politica l; upon whether the use of the flag is respectful or contemptuous; or upon whether any particular segment of the State’s citizenry might applaud or oppose the intended message. It simply withdraws a unique national symbol from the roster of materials that may be used as a background for communications. [emphasis added] It should be noted that Rehnquist and Burger dissented from the Court’s decision in Smith v. Goguen for substantially the same reasons. In that case, a teenager was convicted for wearing a small American flag on the seat of his pants. Although White voted with the majority, in that case, he attached a concurring opinion where he stated that he would not â€Å"find it beyond congressional power, or that of state legislatures, to forbid attaching to or putting on the flag any words, symbols, or advertisements.† Just two months after the Smith case was argued, this one appeared before the court - though that case was decided first. As was true with the Smith v. Goguen case, the dissent here simply misses the point. Even if we accept Rehnquist’s assertion that the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity,† this does not automatically entail that the state the authority to fulfill this interest by prohibiting people from treating a privately own flag as they see fit or by criminalizing certain uses of the flag to communicate political messages. There is a missing step here - or more likely several missing steps - which Rehnquist, White, Burger and other supporters of bans on flag â€Å"desecration† never manage to include in their arguments. It’s likely that Rehnquist recognized this. He acknowledges, after all, that there are limits to what the state may do in pursuit of this interest and cites several examples of extreme government behavior which would cross the line for him. But where, exactly, is that line and why does he draw it in the place he does? Upon what basis does he allow some things but not others? Rehnquist never says and, for this reason, the effectiveness of his dissent completely fails. One more important thing should be noted about Rehnquist’s dissent: he makes it explicit that criminalizing the certain uses of the flag to communicate messages must apply to respectful as well as contemptuous messages. Thus, the words â€Å"America is Great† would be just as prohibited as the words â€Å"America Sucks.† Rehnquist is at least consistent here, and that’s good - but how many supporters of bans on flag desecration would accept this particular consequence of their position? Rehnquist’s dissent suggests very strongly that if the government has the authority to criminalize burning an American flag, it can criminalize waving an American flag as well.

Finance project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance project 2 - Essay Example This means that the products produced within Hungary are sold to other countries in fewer quantities and monetary amounts than the products purchased from those nations. Since all the transactions are carried out in US Dollar, this trade deficit would increase pressure over country’s foreign reserves thus demand from importers (for dollar) will surge and would possibly result in lowering the monetary value of Hungary currency. Perhaps, the most important factor that could result in increasing trade deficit is reversal of international oil and commodity prices because today international economies are coming out of recession and are demanding more oil, food and other commodities to fulfill their domestic needs and oil requirements. Oil prices have already recovered to a level of 75-80$ per barrel and are expected to increase further in near future in the wake of better economic outlook and forecasts. This would put great pressure over Hungarian government because it would incre ase the trade deficit and further deteriorate HUF-Dollar parity. The dollar-HUF disparity (at present the exchange rate is 170 HUF per dollar) is perhaps a major reason of inflation (higher prices) which currently stands at 3% and could increase in near future amid higher international prices of various products. The rule is simple and clear: the higher the exchange rate, the more expensive the imports and prices will observe an upward trend in domestics for these imported products thereby causing inflation. Moreover, the rise in prices will also lower down the purchasing power of people in Hungary; therefore, would result in greater unrest and lower economic growth. People are bound to cut down their expenses to improve their savings. On the flip side, the weakening of US Dollar against international currencies such as Euro, Pound, Japanese Yen etc because of USA’s surging trade deficit and various internal factors might not aggravate the exchange rate in Hungary and could therefore

Otitis Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Otitis Media - Research Paper Example The symptom includes a perforated eardrum with drainage of pus (purulent material) or the bulging of eardrum accompanied by pain. It is also likely that the patient also suffers from fever. On the other hand persistent inflammation in the middle ear is called Chronic Otitis media which lasts for at least a month. The difference from acute ear infection is that acute otitis media stays only for few weeks. In the case of chronic otitis media, an acute infection is followed by the effusion of fluid behind the ear drum in the tympanic membrane that can last for about three months. Chronic otitis media is likely to develop negative pressure at the back of the eardrum due to prolonged effusion. It can also cause continuing damage to the eardrum and middle ear and may continue drainage in the eardrum through the hole in the middle. Chronic otitis media usually begins without pain and fever. Popping and ear pressure can last for months leading to a mild loss of hearing (Otitis Media 2011). T reatment of Otitis Media On diagnosing a person with Otitis Media, treatment is planned by considering factors such as the age of the patient, risk factors involved with the resistant bacteria, hearing status and immunization status.

Copyright and Student Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Copyright and Student Use - Essay Example Copyright protection can be availed for original work of authorship. It comes into existence from the time when the work of author takes a permanent authorized form. As per the copyright law it is only optional to register the work in the copyright office. Although when the work is registered, there are advantages. Normally literary works, musical works, works related to drama, works related to choreography, pictorial and sculpture works, films, sound recordings, softwares etc are copyrightable. However facts, words, symbols, lettering, ideas, scorecards, diaries etc does not come under the purview of the copyright act. The rights of the copyright owner can be divided into five categories, which are reproduction of the work, preparation of copied work, carrying out the work, exhibiting the work and the allocation of the work. One of the main aspects of the copyright law is called "fair use." The term "fair use" is often used as a justification for replication. This aspect has been widely exploited by people associated with education under the pretext that it is essential for teaching and schools which come under the non profit organization category to use copyright works. As per section 107 of the copyright act there are four ways to replicate a work legally. ... All these four criteria have to be met for shaping fair use. The term fair use does not come into reckoning if the reason for repetition does not come under the categories of criticism, remark, news coverage, learning, and research. Copying of news magazines is allowed but copying of a short story does not come under fair use. Copying a large segment of work is not fair use but is a case of infringement. It can never be associated with fair use. Copying an article even for educational use is prohibited under copyright act. If the copying is not prohibited specifically, copying can be allowable under fair use (South eastern Louisiana University COPYRIGHT POLICIES 1999). How can you use copyright materials for educational purposes' Various norms and laws on copyright are very important for the promotion of creativity. A very efficient as well as a balanced system is of utmost importance in the field of protection of culture. Moreover a suitable copyrighting structure is necessary for the cultural and economic cooperation in the international level (Ficsor. M.2005) One of the toughest challenges faced today is to safeguard children from the negative influence of internet without sacrificing the right to receive information. Nowadays more parents are worried about their children using internet for wrong purposes. There is also a feeling of insecurity because of the lack of technical knowledge possessed by them when compared with the younger generation. By using the filtering software technology, this problem can be solved up to a certain extent. For getting the full advantages of internet access, children should be guided by parents as well as adults. This would produce new accesses for internet which in turn will provide great

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Essay

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector - Essay Example More, the standards require that the identifiable intangible assets must be disclosed by means of subdividing the assets into classes with similar identifiable intangible assets being grouped together with regards to their usage and operations. Cash generating units impairment testing should be through the process of comparing the carrying amounts of identifiable intangible assets, goodwill working capital, and PPE of the cash-generating units. It is also important to note that valuation approaches during disclosure needs to be financial ratios and discounted cash flow. The company also needs to ensure that sensitivity analysis is done in case there are changes in key assumptions used during financial reporting. The importance of carrying out a sensitivity analysis to changes in key assumptions is due to the need to evaluate variations and their effects on financial reporting. Sensitivity analysis will also enable corrective actions to ensure compliance of financial reporting require ments. According to analysis of the company’s reporting practice, forecast must be corrected to be based on present value of future expected future cash flows. Forecasts on future cash flows must also be based on an established cyclic cash flow pattern. Table of Contents Introduction Identifiable Intangible Assets Impairment Testing on Cash Generating Units Calculation of Discount Rates and Growth Rates Sensitivity analysis to Key Assumption changes Financial Reporting Practice of CCA LTD Recommendations Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Introduction Corporate companies are subject to Corporations Act, which is being promoted by ASIC reviewers to ensure compliance with financial reporting requirements. The ASIC further provides non-compliance allowance for specific requirements to corporations. Confidence of investors and integrity levels in the Australian Corporate sector is largely boosted by the ASIC activities of monitoring corporationâ₠¬â„¢s compliance to financial reporting requirements. Users of financial reporting and auditing information are able to make informed decisions about the reliability and relevance of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. There is need for Coca Cola Amatil LTD to ensure that their financial reporting standards adhere to the professional and legal requirements of the corporations act. The objective of these financial reporting disclosures report is to ensure that Coca Cola Amatil LTD adheres to corporate Act’s requirements of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. Identifiable Intangible Assets The corporate act specifies reporting standards that must be adhered to when disclosing information regarding identifiable intangible assets such as names of brands, relationship with customers and written off intangible assets of Coca Cola Amatil LTD. The company should disclose identifiable intangible assets that would have bee n recognized during business formation or combinations and research and development assets. These intangible assets do not include assets that are recognized through contract basis or any other means that is legal. During financial reporti

Wealth distribution in the PRC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wealth distribution in the PRC - Essay Example This meant that there was no competition in the production process. Government ownership of land also led to inefficient production which led to waste of resources. The last one is the economic collapse of 1970s and 1980s which caused economic decline that previously acted as a way of distributing wealth. Unequal wealth distribution is the situation where the gap between the rich and the poor is reasonably large. The World Bank defines poverty as spending less than one dollar per day. This is a situation which is common with most people who are affected by unequal wealth distribution. In china, unequal wealth distribution has caused a number of negative factors in education, housing, transportation, employment, and human rights (Wang 43). Unequal wealth distribution means that the children of the poor parents cannot get a decent education. They thus turn to government school which are often crowded. In these schools, the government is not able to supply enough classes, teachers, and other infrastructure that are needed for a good learning environment. Public schools are also associated with adverse ratios all facilities which mean the children will not get the necessary skills needed to compete in the world. Therefore, the child will end up failing examinations and thus not proceed to the next level of education. At the end of the day, the child is left without education and thus end up poor as his or her parents. Lack of education will then drive the child to do other ill activities such as crime and drug abuse (Gollier 19). The poor are often said to be living in informal settlement in most countries of the world. This is because they cannot afford the necessary material to put up a decent house. They also have no land where they can practice farming and put a decent house. They thus migrate to the urban centres to search for informal jobs. In urban centres, a decent house is very expensive which the poor cannot afford (Zhong et al 25). They

Layla and Majnun relation to Sufism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Layla and Majnun relation to Sufism - Essay Example The relation between the legend of Layla and Majnun and Sufism The relation between the legend of Layla and Majnun and Sufism includes the elements like love, madness, life in exile and self-realization. A. Love The theme of the legend of Layla and Majnun is the love between the hero and the heroine and it’s after effects. To be specific, the legend of Layla and Majnun portrays the deep love between Layla and Majnun. Majnun considers that his ultimate aim is to unite with Layla, his beloved. So, he was ready to give up the worldly pleasures for the sake of his love towards Layla. In the legend of Layla and Majnun, the lover considers that his beloved is an inseparable part of his self and him ultimate aim is to be with his lover. He does not consider the obstacles in his life as important because his aim is most noble. His love towards his beloved helps him to suffer a lot in his life. On the other side, a Sufi saint undergoes the same process in his life because he is totally intoxicated with the thought of the search for eternal truth. He does not consider the worldly pleasures as important because his aim is most noble. His life is totally dedicated to the God, who created this universe. He is aware of the fact that worldly pleasures may not lead a person to find out the secret of life or the eternal truth. Instead, one who is ready to discard worldly pleasures can embrace the real love or eternal truth. Besides, Sufism considers that love towards the god is the real love, not the human desire towards worldly pleasures. B. Madness In the legend of Layla and Majnun, the lover becomes totally absorbed by his affection towards his beloved. This can be termed as madness because Majnun gradually began to ignore the real world. But he was not ready to give up his love and began to wander aimlessly. He considered that the imaginary world was the real world and vice versa. This helped him to compare the things in nature with the beauty of Layla. When a dog ap proached him he treats it with due care because it came from his beloved’s place. But when he happens to meet Layla, he totally ignores her. Now, he realizes that his aim was to reach the real love, the love of god. Sinha opined that â€Å"A further view is that the story of Layla- Majnun has merely been adopted by the Sufis as a fitting vehicle for expressing the mystical experience, and has thus subsequently been given a spiritual interpretation by them† (26). Sufism is the straight forward way to the god, without the helpful external forces. Sufism considers that those who are in search of the god do not like to have a mediator. One can see that Majnun’s relationship with the imaginary world acted the role of a veil (say, Layla) between him and the god. When he was able to discard his relationship with the imaginary world (mad love towards Layla), he was able to realize his ultimate aim. So, Majnun’s temporary madness is similar to the feeling of the S ufis. Besides, Majnun was not aware of his ultimate aim and this hindered him for a moment from reaching the same. On the other side, Sufis are aware of their aim and their single minded dedication helps them to attain their aim with ease. C. Life in exile Most love stories portray life in exile is an important factor which builds up the strong bond between the lovers. In the legend of

Wealth distribution in the PRC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wealth distribution in the PRC - Essay Example This meant that there was no competition in the production process. Government ownership of land also led to inefficient production which led to waste of resources. The last one is the economic collapse of 1970s and 1980s which caused economic decline that previously acted as a way of distributing wealth. Unequal wealth distribution is the situation where the gap between the rich and the poor is reasonably large. The World Bank defines poverty as spending less than one dollar per day. This is a situation which is common with most people who are affected by unequal wealth distribution. In china, unequal wealth distribution has caused a number of negative factors in education, housing, transportation, employment, and human rights (Wang 43). Unequal wealth distribution means that the children of the poor parents cannot get a decent education. They thus turn to government school which are often crowded. In these schools, the government is not able to supply enough classes, teachers, and other infrastructure that are needed for a good learning environment. Public schools are also associated with adverse ratios all facilities which mean the children will not get the necessary skills needed to compete in the world. Therefore, the child will end up failing examinations and thus not proceed to the next level of education. At the end of the day, the child is left without education and thus end up poor as his or her parents. Lack of education will then drive the child to do other ill activities such as crime and drug abuse (Gollier 19). The poor are often said to be living in informal settlement in most countries of the world. This is because they cannot afford the necessary material to put up a decent house. They also have no land where they can practice farming and put a decent house. They thus migrate to the urban centres to search for informal jobs. In urban centres, a decent house is very expensive which the poor cannot afford (Zhong et al 25). They

Leadership diary 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership diary 7 - Assignment Example The news revealed that the following leaders have agreed on the pay cut and remit these salaries to furloughed federal workers: President Barack Obama, Secretary of State John Kerry, Defense Secretary Hagel, and Attorney General Eric Holder (Harding). This situation evidently describes leaders’ commitment to uplift the condition of workers, under their jurisdiction, by augmenting their income through personal resources, as a pledge of unselfish support and for the improvement of these workers’ conditions. Situation 2: Another remarkable leader is U.S. Rep. James R. Langevin of Rhode Island, who is reportedly afflicted with quadriplegia, but his disability did not detract him from being a public servant. He was recently awarded with the Henry Viscardi Achievement Award, â€Å"a new international Award designed to identify and honor people living with disabilities for their work and influence on the global disability community of more than one billion people† (NINE EXTRAORDINARY LEADERS IN THE GLOBAL DISABILITY COMMUNITY RECEIVE THE 2013 HENRY VISCARDI ACHIEVEMENT AWARD). His leadership in the local community was exemplified through his commitment as the chairperson of the â€Å"bipartisan Disabilities Caucus and is leading the fight for stem cell research funding and strengthening amendments to the Americans with Disabilities Act† (NINE EXTRAORDINARY LEADERS: U.S. Rep. James R. Langevin par. 1). His exemplary endeavors and behaviors, despite physical challenges made him a perfect example of a contemporary leader in fulfilling leadership tasks and responsibilities. Harding, Alison. "Kerry pledges to donate portion of salary to charity." 5 April 2013. CNN Politics. 6 April 2013 . "NINE EXTRAORDINARY LEADERS IN THE GLOBAL DISABILITY COMMUNITY RECEIVE THE 2013 HENRY VISCARDI ACHIEVEMENT AWARD." 4

Newspaper Columnist Essay Example for Free

Newspaper Columnist Essay I am quite interested in becoming a Newspaper Columnist because they are allowed to share their opinion on a specific topic or a general idea. They have the liberty to say what is on their mind and they are allowed to express their thoughts on relevant matters. Writing is my passion and it seems like the perfect job for me to become a Newspaper Columnist. Also, they have a lot of time on their hands, and unlike other Journalists, Newspaper Columnists usually do not have to go on the field. They also have a huge following, especially when they are experts on certain topics, because they get their articles published weekly, if not daily. I stumbled upon a blog of a Newspaper Columnist from the Philippines. His name is Zhaun Ortega, a graduate from another private Jesuit, Roman Catholic School; and he writes for Edge Davao Business Weekly. It is a Business-themed paper, but he writes a column about the local party scene and different youth trends. Interviewee: Zhaun Claude R. Ortega, Newspaper Columnist, Edge Davao Business Paper 1. What are the qualifications for your position (education / previous experience)? To become a Newspaper Columnist, you must have to be an expert on something. I write about the local party scene and give tips on how to throw a party. I have been partying since my High School days (because that is legal in the Philippines), so even if I am still 22, people consider me an expert on the topic. However, most papers would require you to have a College Degree, or to be in College, depending on what type of column you are writing. 2. What do you enjoy most about your job? I enjoy all the perks that come with it. I can party for free, I have free dinners, and I get to know a lot of important people during events. And because I get to know a lot of people, I get more job opportunities, like hosting gigs. Recently a radio station approached me to become a host for an on-air show which revolved around partying; my show has been on for over a month and it has increased my value as a writer and as part of the Communications industry. More importantly, I get to share my ideas to the whole community. 3. What is the greatest challenge related to your job? It is quite challenging to have to write about the same topic every week of your life. Sometimes, you run out of ideas. And the only way for you to gather more ideas is to go to where the action is at. So if you are a fashion columnist, go to fashion shows. If you are a music columnist, go to concerts and launch parties. 4. What advice do you give to someone interested in becoming a Newspaper Columnist? Â  I always say: write about what you know. Do not pretend to know about something. Your greatest resource is your mind. Do not try to write something that will require you to start from scratch. 5. What is the one thing you wish someone would have told you BEFORE you pursued and accepted your current position? I wish someone had told me that being a Newspaper Columnist would mean losing your anonymity, and that you have to learn how to deal with that. Also, I wish somebody told me that I have to be careful with what I write, unless I want to ruffle some feathers.

Benefits of Women Entrepreneurship

Benefits of Women Entrepreneurship Jump to: Advantages of Female Entrepreneurs | Disadvantages of Female Entrepreneurs | Challenges for Female Entrepreneurs | Schemes to Develop Female Entrepreneurs | Leading Female Entrepreneurs in India | Differences between Male and Female Entrepreneurs Women constitute around half of the total world population. So is in India also. They are therefore regarded as the better half of the society. In traditional societies, they were confined to the four walls of houses performing household activities. In modern societies they have come out of the four walls to participate in all sorts of activities. The global evidences prove  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  that women have been performing exceedingly well in different spheres of activities like academics, politics, administration, social work and so on. Now they have started plunging into industry also and running their enterprises successfully. Therefore while discussing on entrepreneurial development of women entrepreneurs in the country. Al through small businesses owned by women have traditionally focused on fashion , fond and other services sector, but recently women entrepreneurs have been moving rapidly into manufacturing, construction and other industrial filed. Women owned business are lightly increasing in the economics of almost all countries. The hidden entrepreneurial potential of women have gradually been changing with the growing sensivity to the role and economic status in the society. It means women have the potentials, skill, knowledge and adaptability to run a business successfully. Meaning And Definitions Women entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal need and become economically independent. There are economical, social, religious, cultural and other factors existing in the society which responsible for the emergency of the entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneur refers equally to someone who has started a one women business to someone who is a principal in family business or partnership or to someone who is shareholder in a public company which she runs.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  The Government of India has defined  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  a women entrepreneur is an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated in the enterprise to women . Advantages Of Female Entrepreneurs Social Networking.   Lets face it-women are natural networkers. They love to talk, mingle, and rub elbows. This is the very reason why husbands rarely ever manage the social calendar. In todays business environment, mastering social media is mandatory, and the ladies absolutely have a leg up! Intuition.   They call it womens intuition for a reason.   Women in general can size up another person much faster than her male counterpart. In todays ultra-fast paced business environment, you need the ability to quickly identify the allies and the enemies. Regardless if you are a male or female, you need to trust your gut. Pain Tolerance.   Okay, initially I would have said this is irrelevant. But after watching my children be born, there is no question that my wife can handle  a lot  more pain than I can. And I am not just talking physical pain, I mean emotional, too (have you seen how tough children can be on their mothers?). In business, there are a lot of painful moments. A lot. Women definitely have an advantage in this area. Multi-tasking.   Women are known for juggling many tasks at the same time and still being able to produce excellent results. Conversely, the guys are masters at focusing on one thing. Still, the advantage in todays distracting environment goes to women. Patience.   Women inherently seem to have more patience. And in todays business environment, patience is key! Aggressive business strategies are not paying off like they once did. Slow and steady wins the race in this category. Listening.   A friend of mine went to buy a new bed at a small bedding store owned by a husband and wife team. The female owner approaches my friend and asked all kinds of questions about why they needed a new bed, if they could fix their old bed, what else they were considering, etc. She asked questions and listened closely. She clearly showed that she cared about helping to meet their needs. My friend was moments away from buying any bed that she recommended. But just then, the frustrated husband on the sales team ran up and said let me handle this. Then he just tried to hard close the sale. He was pushy, telling them what he recommended and what they had to have. Guess what? The sale was lost the second he began speaking! They walked out. I am sure he blamed her, but it was him. The key is to ask questions and really listen. Quite frankly, any great sales person knows this, man or woman, it just seems that the ladies are naturally better at doing it. Problem/Disadvantages Of Female Entrepreneurs Women Entrepreneurs encounter two sets of problems i.e. general problems entrepreneurs and problems specific to women entrepreneurs. These are discussed follows Finance Finance is regarded as life blood for any enterprise be in big or small. However women entrepreneurs suffer from shortage of finance on two counts. Firstly women do not generally have property on their names to use them as collateral for obtaining funds from external sources. So that access to the external sources funds is limited. Secondly the banks also consider women less credit-worthy and discourage women barrowers on belief that they can at any time leave their business.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Scarcity Of Raw Materials Most of the women enterprises are plagued by the scarcity of raw materials and necessary inputs. Added to this are high prices of raw materials, on the one hand and getting raw material at the minimum of discount on the other. The failure of many co-operatives in 1971 engaged in based making is example how the scarcity of raw material sounds the death knell of enterprises run by women. Male Dominated Society The constitution of India speaks of equality between sexes. But in practice women are looked upon as abla i.e.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Weak in all respects. In male dominated Indian society, women are not treated equal to men. This turn serves as a barrier to women entry into business.   Lack Of Education In India around 60% of women are still illiterate. Illiteracy is the root cause of socio- economic problem. Due to the lack of education women are not aware of business, technology and market knowledge. Also lack of education causes low achievement motivation among women.   Market Oriented Risk A number of women have to face the challenges of market because of stiff competition. Many business women find it difficult to capture the market and compete with their product. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions. Motivational Factors. Successful businessmen can be self motivated through setting up a mind and taking up risk and accepting social responsibilities on shoulder. The other factors such as family support government policies financial assistance etc. are also important to set up business. Lack of Confidence Women lack confidence in their strength and competence. The family members and the society and reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth Training Programs Training programs are essential to new rural and young entrepreneurs who wish to set up a small and medium scale unit. The programs enrich the skill and potential of women entrepreneur. Present Position Of Women Entrepreneurs Out of the total 940-48 million people in India in the 1990s of the female comprise of 465% of the total population. There are 126.48 million women work force (representing 28.9% of the female population) but as per the 1991 census only 185900 women accounting for only 4.5% of total self employed persons  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  in the country were recorded. Majority of them are engaged in the un organized in the unorganized sectors like agriculture, agro based industries, handicrafts, handloom and cottage based industries. As per the 2001census report, there are of women workers of the total working population including formal as well as informal sector. In the era of L.P.G (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Indian women entrepreneurs are very fast entering the non -traditional sectors. Which indeed is in response to their greater awareness. Five Business Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face and How to Overcome them Cultural Value The first entrepreneurial challenge women entrepreneurs face is that of cultural value or tradition. This challenge is more profound on women entrepreneurs in Africa; where the cultural value entails that the man/husband be the bread winner. A woman exhibiting her entrepreneurial prowess is presumed as wanting to take over the leadership role of the husband. This challenge also surfaces in families where the husband/father is an entrepreneur. The male children are usually groomed on  running the family business  and carrying on after the demise of the father while the female children are usually left out of this entrepreneurial grooming process. To overcome this entrepreneurial challenge,  you must be prepared to breakthrough this limiting tradition; you must stick to what you believe in. Societal Discrimination The next challenge women face in business is societal discrimination. Most people still live with the mentality that certain businesses or tasks are better handled by men.  Have you ever come across a female auto mechanic, plumber, mason or welder? What was your first reaction? You must have screamed what the hell is a woman doing with such occupation. Well, I have done it countless times. The truth is that we often assume women are generally incompetent in certain fields of life. People would rather deal with a business man than a woman. Why? The reason is because its believed that the men are born to do it. You might think this challenge is uncommon; wait until you lose a business deal or contract just because you are competing with male counterparts. The only solution to handling the challenge of societal discrimination is to develop a tough skin towards criticism. Stop seeing your feminine gender as a weakness; see it as a strength, and prove yourself by striving to outperform your male competitors. Lack Of Investors Confidence The third challenge women entrepreneurs face when starting a business is the challenge of raising capital. Investors naturally give less consideration to business women and I cant really pinpoint the reason for this. Its easier for business man to raise capital than a woman; except such a woman has proved her competence and credibility over time. Women entrepreneurs generally find it difficult to raise capital or obtain a bank loan because investors and bankers would rather risk their venture capital with male entrepreneurs than females. Now how do you overcome such challenge? The answer is persistence. You must keep asking for what you want;  irrespective of the amount of rejections you get. You must press on while selling yourself on why you should be trusted. Balancing Business And Family The fourth business challenge women entrepreneurs face is that of balancing business and family. Women naturally are the backbone of the family; they lay the building blocks on which the family foundation is built. So often times, women entrepreneurs usually find themselves torn between commitment to the family and business. Now how do you handle such challenge? The answer lies in  time management and delegation. These two keys are  essential to balancing your act and building a successful home alongside a family. Stress Due To Competition And Business Routine The last but not the least challenge women face in business is the stress and stiff competition associated with running a business.  The entrepreneurial process of building a business from scratch entails hard work, commitment and persistence. Business is a game of dog eat dog; to survive, you have to be tough. As a woman in business, you might find yourself going head to head with competition and fulfilling your business tasks; and this might lead to fatigue. When confronted with such challenge,  you have to use the art of delegation and time management to your advantage. Get the tedious business tasks off your neck and concentrate more on the core issues at hand. How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Right efforts on from all areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial activities. Following efforts can be taken into account for effective development of women entrepreneurs. Consider women as specific target group for all developmental programmers. Better educational facilities and schemes should be extended to women folk from government part. Adequate training programmed on management skills to be provided to women  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  community. Encourage womens participation in decision-making.   Vocational training to be extended to women community that enables them to understand the production process and production management.   Skill development to be done in womens polytechnics and industrial training institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-production workshops.   Training on professional competence and leadership skill to be extended to women entrepreneurs.   Training and counseling on a large scale of existing women entrepreneurs to remove psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success.   Counseling through the aid of committed NGOs, psychologists, managerial experts and technical personnel should be provided to existing and emerging women entrepreneurs.   Continuous monitoring and improvement of training programmers.   Activities in which women are trained should focus on their marketability and profitability. Making provision of marketing and sales assistance from government part.   To encourage more passive women entrepreneurs the Women training programmed should be organized that taught to recognize her own psychological needs and express them. Leading Business Women In India Chanda Kapoor Executive Director ICICI Bank. Ekta  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Kapoor Creative Director Balaji Telefilms Jyoti Naik President Lijjat Papad Lalita .D. Gupte Jt.Managing  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Director (MD) ICICI Bank. Preeta Reddy Managing Director   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (MD) Apollo Hospital Rashree Pathy Chairman Rashree Sugar and Chemicals Ltd. Ravina Raj Kohli Media Personality and Ex- President Star News Renuka Ramanath   CEO ICICI Ventures Tarajani Vakil Former Chairman and MD EXIM Bank. Ritu Nanda CEO Escolife Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs 1. Seed Capital Scheme 2. National Equity Fund 3. Prime Ministers Employment Guarantee Scheme 4. Single Window Scheme. 5. Bank Schemes for Women Entrepreneur 6. Mahila Artik Vikas Mahamandal What Makes Women Entrepreneurs Different from Men? Over the past few years, there has been a surge in business startups by female entrepreneurs. Today Im going to discuss how the way women run things may be a bit different from how men play the game. Strong Focus On Values Its not that men dont put values in the front lines of their company, but most women entrepreneurs make it the number one priority over everything else. According to Margaret Heffernan, who recently wrote How She Does It: How Women Entrepreneurs Are Changing the Rules of Business, women think about what their business will stand for before they start planning anything else. Will Ask For Help Many men (not all) have difficulty asking for help when it comes to something like their very own business. Pride can sometimes get in the way. But most women dont have a problem admitting that theyre not sure how to accomplish a certain task or what needs to be done next in the building-a-business game. This can sometimes provide an advantage in a well-spring of knowledge from sources that help ground their business more quickly. Focused On The Working Environment According to Heffernan, male entrepreneurs see their businesses as a machine, while female entrepreneurs see it as a living organism. I can see where shes coming from. Men may be more likely to take the position that bad parts (employees) can easily be replaced with new and better functioning ones. Many male entrepreneurs may overlook the fact that the parts are going bad because the machine as a whole is not in great condition. Some may take the position that a new employee here or there will help to make the business function better, rather than examining the whole business under a microscope to see if there may be underlying problems. Women entrepreneurs tend to be on the other end of the spectrum with the perspective that, if the environment their employees are in isnt working, then the entire ecosystem of the business, if you will, could collapse. Basically, women entrepreneurs focus more on making sure the work environment is comfortable to obtain the best performance from their employees, rather than expecting the best from their employees despite the work environment. Strength Of The Business Women entrepreneurs tend to focus on building a business so strong that it could function completely and successfully without them. Men build strong businesses, but often want to make sure they are always part of the central element that keeps things going. According to Heffernan, women entrepreneurs are more like the conductor of the symphony the person who doesnt make the noise, but pulls it all together.

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison :: American America History

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison During the late 16th century and into the 17th century, European nations rapidly colonized the newly discovered Americas. England in particular sent out numerous groups to the eastern coast of North America to two regions. These two regions were known as the Chesapeake and the New England areas. Later, in the late 1700's, these two areas would bond to become one nation. Yet from the very beginnings, both had very separate and unique identities. These differences, though very numerous, spurred from one major factor: the very reason the settlers came to the New World. This affected the colonies in literally every way, including economically, socially, and politically. The Chesapeake region of the colonies included Virginia, Maryland, the New Jerseys (both East and West) and Pennsylvania. In 1607, Jamestown, the first English colony in the New World (that is, the first to thrive and prosper), was founded by a group of 104 settlers to a peninsula along the James River. These settlers hoped to find gold, silver, a northwest passage to Asia, a cure for syphilis, or any other valuables they might take back to Europe and make a profit. Lead by Captain John Smith, who "outmaneuvered other members of the colony's ruling and took ruthlessly took charge" (Liberty Equality Power, p. 57), a few lucky members of the original voyage survived. These survivors turned to the local Powhatan Indians, who taught them the process of corn- and tobacco-growing. These staple-crops flourished throughout all five of these colonies. New England was north of the Chesapeake, and included Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven (which soon became part of Connecticut). The New Englanders were largely Puritan Separatists, who sought religious freedom. When the Church of England separated from Catholicism under Henry VIII, Protestantism flourished in England. Some Protestants, however, wanted complete separation from Catholicism and embraced Calvinism. These "Separatists" as they were called, along with persecuted Catholics who had not joined the Church of England, came to New England in hopes of finding this religious freedom where they would be free to practice as they wished. Their motives were, thus, religious in nature, not economic. In fact, New England settlers reproduced much of England's economy, with only minor variations. They did not invest largely in staple crops, instead, relied on artisan-industries like carpentry, shipbuilding, and printing. The Chesapeake and New England attracted different types of settlers and, by 1700, the populations differed enormously.

Gender and Sexuality

Gender and sexuality can be comprehended through social science. Social science is â€Å"the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society† (free dictionary, 2009). The study of social science deals with different aspects of society such as politics, economics, and the social aspects of society. Gender identity is closely interlinked with social science as it is based on an identity of an individual in the society. Sexuality is â€Å"the condition of being characterized and distinguished by sex† (free dictionary, 2009).There are different gender identities such as male, female, gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual that exists all around the world. There is inequality in gender identities and dominance of a male regardless of which sexuality they fall under. The males are superior over the females and gays superior over the lesbians, however it different depending on the place and circumstances. This paper will look at the gender roles and s tereotypes, social policy, and homosexuality from a modern and a traditional society perspective.The three different areas will be compared by the two different societies to understand how much changes has occurred and whether or not anything has really changed. In general a traditional society is more conservative where as a modern society is fundamentally liberal. This is to say that a traditional society lists certain roles depending on the gender and there are stereotypes that are connected with the genders. One must obey the one that is dominant and make decisions. On the other hand, a modern society is lenient, It accepts the individual’s identity and sexuality.There is no inequality and everyone in the society is to be seen as individuals not a part of a family unit. Gender roles and stereotypes exist for all genders. These roles are set by the individuals of the society, â€Å"sex roles are expectations for behaviour and attitudes that a particular culture defines as appropriate for men and women† (Whicker and Kronenfeld, 1986; pp. 8). The traditional views of gender roles are indeed quite different from the modern views. The men in society are the bread-winners where as the women take care of the children and home.There are basic and common work roles, however in terms of behaviour and involvement there are gender role distinctions. The sex roles generally play out in modern society as well, some sex roles and stereotypes for girls are that they are â€Å"nonaggressive, nonathletic, emotionally expressive, tender, domestic, and nurturing. Boys on the other hand are â€Å"aggressive, value achievement, attain goals through conflict, and work towards monetary success† (Whicker and Kronenfeld, 1986; pp. 8).The males in the society are â€Å"emotionally anesthetised, aggressive, physically tough and daring, unwilling or unable to give nurturance to a child† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp. 1). These traits are carried out by this particular gender mostly outside the society to demonstrate their strength. Those individuals who ignore to carry out these personality traits are seen as weak and unmanly. The women on the other hand are given the responsibility of looking after the family and are supposed to have the opposite personality traits.For instance a woman can show emotions but not outside of the family because of the shame that would bring to the family. This also an issue because a husband cannot help the women out otherwise the society will look down upon him, and as for society itself women cannot rely on outsiders. This brings about a question as to whom should she reveal her emotions and feelings to? These gender stereotypes such as a men being physically stronger or women being physically weak are embedded in the individual’s mind and thus they carry out these stereotypes themselves thereby continuing the stereotype.The gender role differences bring up a point about fake identity and practi ce. For the purpose of being accepted in society one hides his or her inner desires and emotions in order to fit in society. One does not need to be tough to show masculinity neither does one need to be weak to bring out her feelings. However, society changes when the men in the society gradually developed more female traits and get involved in the family matters. The role that impacts the family the most is the role of the men.The media plays a huge role in shaping the role of what a father is. Once the father used to be a bread-winner, now the roles can switch and the mother can go out to work and the father can stay with the children. The media demonstrates the idea of the father who spends his time at home with the children, baby sitting, cooking, and cleaning. This new image encourages and motives the men in this society to get involved and help their family. Also, the family is no longer always ruled by a patriarchal system.Patriarchy is â€Å"a system promotion the higher st atus and privilege of men against women† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp. 17). The roles are either balanced or a matriarchy system is also involved where the women are the superior ones in the family. The society’s acceptance of these roles changes and also it gives opportunity to the opposite sex to prove their skills and identity in the society and within their family, however, the society’s expectations do not end here. The men are portrayed as strong body-builders and females are portrayed as slim beauties.These images are carried by the media where in the film â€Å"Tough guise† by Jackson Katz, the movie demonstrates the transition of masculinity from past generation to current generation. The men are more build up in terms of body structure compared to the past. Although the father might be involved in the family, the sex roles of the genders do not vanish, they make gradual transitions from generation to generation. The traditional society simply bel ieves that women stay at home and focus on their private life rather than the outside world. The major role is played by the adult males who maintain the finances.Women’s work is not as valued as the men’s, however it is essential to understand that men would have had to do double job if the women were not looking after his children and home. Although both, the inside and the outside work required a lot of effort, the dominance of the male gender rules over the female gender in terms of the value of work. Besides the cultural values, religion also played a role in shaping these ideologies. â€Å"Religious institutions have long been conservative in their ideals and patriarchs. Recent exceptions do exist, such as the increasing enrolment of women in Protestant seminaries.The Church however, like the corporate America, maintains the image of a traditional family and career structure, where the husband is the major bread-winner and thus the head if the household and his wife is in a supportive, expressive position† (Lewis and Sussman, 1986; pp 199). These religious institutions drew the images of gender roles inside and outside of the house, where one gender worked inside and the other worked outside and even if the women decided to work outside were treated unequally. At the end of the day they had to look after their children.This brings about a question of whether the children only belonged to the mothers or both parents. What role do the fathers play in the lives of their children? There is no social support for the women in this society to rely on, thus they struggle to maintain their rough lifestyle. The family only becomes dependent on the men, which is problematic. In case of a single parent, where the children are dependent on a mother it becomes a financial problem. The lack of government involvement is a disadvantage for the women in this society because those who are divorced or lost their husbands are strongly hit by poverty.Soci al policy such as education, career, and welfare state did not exist in the life a woman in a traditional society. However, as the world gradually developed in terms of technology, the women caught up to the men. The ideology of individuals in the modern society changed where the women were once seen an item in the household, they now gained a sense of freedom. To being with the basic understanding of a woman going in to work is that â€Å"most women work because of economic need. The majority of employed females are single, widowed, divorced or separated, or working to supplement the low income of their spouse† (Kendrigan, 1991; pp 91).This is not to say that women spend time at working leaving their children, spouse, or home alone. Their life in modern society is challenging because there is more responsibility on their shoulders. Not only do women have their work life but also their family life as well. As a plus, the government provides day care for working women in order to make their lives easier. Looking at the correlation of women and the workforce has a great impact on the economic factors of the country and state. The women contribute to the social welfare state because the more people working in the country the more stable and stronger the economy gets.For instance, in Canada women who contribute to the country economy through paying taxes add on to the government public funds, which are used for education, welfare, and the publish health care system. There are many advantages for the women as well as the state. Although there remains to be an inequality in the salary of woman when compared to a man it is importance to focus on the progress as well. The transformation occurred because women stepped out of their homes and stepped in to the working world. They still have to work hard to gain their respect and work for equality among men.Genders and sexuality cannot leave homosexuality behind, however this is not so true for the traditional soci ety. Just because homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender were not seen very often does not mean they were invisible. The reactions of individuals in the society to these particular sexes lead the homosexuals, transgender, and bisexual being seen as inferior. This brings about the ideology of superior over inferior. There is a sense of shame attached to these sexes, where they cannot freely express their identity. To reveal their identity means going through the consequences set by the ndividuals in the society and in some countries even the government. Even though much emphasis is given to sex roles in homosexuality as well there lies a difference among lesbians and gays. Looking back at the roles of the boys and adult males in a traditional society they had to stay strong and stay focused on work. This becomes an issue for the gay individuals. Unlike lesbians, gays cannot freely walk with their partners without being noticed. â€Å"women can hold hands in the street, and even go arm in arm; because families let girls sleep with their girlfriends, but for boys, it’s forbidden† (Likosky, 1992; pp. 3). It is indeed difficult for the homosexuals to express their homosexuality because of the norms set by society. Women can get away with it because of the friendly and nurturing stereotype that the society has placed upon them. â€Å"Homosexuality, though, exists in different societies and cultures, with some minor exceptions are considered abnormal and disdained. It affects social order, invades personal privacy and rights, and leads to criminal behaviour. â€Å"As a result, homosexuals are more likely to encounter and be penalized administratively and criminally† (Likosky, 1992, pp. 38).More stereotypes are attached to these individuals because they are not considered normal. Normal in this sense means that heterosexuals are the dominating ones in the society. The idea that these individuals are embedded in society not only causes prejudice towards homosexual people but also discrimination against them, leading to violent actions are taken towards them. Once again religion and government plays a major role in shaping these views towards these particular groups of people. To look at homosexuality from a modern point of view, it is not the same as the traditional.However this is not to say that there is great equality between the heterosexuals and homosexuals, because this is simply untrue. The modern society takes the idea equality and freedom from the liberal ideology. However it is not practiced to the full extent. The flaw in the liberal state is made in the legal forms when gender is asked for. The option to this question is already stated on the paper, thus the two options given to the homosexuals are â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†. The problem lies in these two options for these individuals, because now they cannot reveal their identity, neither can they state who they are.However if they are to pick f rom the two options how are they to answer this question? Is it more based on how they feel the most? Even though the individuals in the modern society consider themselves to be liberal, they are not fully liberal. On the positive side of the modern society, there are social services. â€Å"There has been a long history of people in social work who challenge the heterosexist norms of society. Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, transgendered and transsexual persons have enriched society as a whole† (Hick, 2010; pp. 02). Social work plays a major role in reshaping these sexes and their roles. The social workers empower the LGBTTQ (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, transsexual, and queer) to get involved in work force. This gives the individuals chances to prove themselves and also it benefits the society and economy. The more people that get involved in the workforce the stronger the economy turns out to be. The involvement of these individuals brings changes to the society and they feel accepted outside of their own group.If they were to hide their sexuality inside as done in the traditional society there would be psychological and emotional problems among these people, and the outcome would be higher rate of suicide. The acceptance and opportunity given to them by this society not only gives advantage to these people but also to the society and the economy of the state. In the traditional society the father’s only focus is on earning an income for the family which has a direct impact on the family members due to the lack of time spent bonding with his children and wife.The responsibility of the children falls on both parents’ shoulders not just on the mothers. However this is also an issue in modern society, if mothers rely too much on day-cares and do not spend enough time with their children then the same thing that happens to the father happens to the mother. The traditional view of sex roles differ where women are nurturing, home orien ted and calm. On the other hand, men are seen as the opposite. Nevertheless, the modern view does not distinct these differences because of the greater involvement of the father in the family.The differences do not lie among the genders but the perspective of the individuals in society, both genders can contribute to each other’s works regardless of what sex they fall under. The society, religious institute, and media play a greater role in shaping these sex roles. The gradual changes are closely related to the media because the actors carry out the roles and thus the members of the society play out those roles in their daily life style. â€Å"Homosexuality exists in different societies and cultures and with some minor exceptions it is considered abnormal and disdained.It affects social order, invades personal privacy and rights, and leads to criminal behaviour. As a result, homosexuals are more likely to encounter and be penalized administratively and criminally† (Lik osky, 1992, pp. 38) Also, the two societies view homosexuality different. Nevertheless modern society has not completely accepted the idea of homosexuality because in areas such as legal forms, the people with nonconventional sexual orientation are not shown. This demonstrates the inferiority of homosexuality and for which the government is responsible for such actions.