Journey of Life

2010 Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya(Technical University) B. E Civil Engineering MODEL QUESTION PAPER – 2010, RGPV, Bhopal, Thermo fluid for Civil Engg. Question paper (1) Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2. 21 kg/m3 and 30 m/s and leaves at 0. 762 kg/m3 and 180 m/s. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2 , determine the mass flow rate and the exit area of the nozzle. (2) A frictionless piston cylinder device initially contains 200L of saturated refrigerant-134a.The piston is free to move and its mass is such that it maintains a pressure of 800kPa on the refrigerant. The refrigerant is now heated until its temperature rises to 500C. Calculate work done during the process. (3) A steam power plant receives heat from the furnace at a rate of 280GJ/h. Heat losses to the surrounding air from the steam as it passes through the components of the power plant is 8GJ/h. The waste heat transferred to the cooling water is 145GJ/h.Determine the net power out put of the plant an d the thermal efficiency of the plant. (4) (1) Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200oC and 30 m/s. It leaves at 100 kPa and 180 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Find the mass flow rate through the nozzle, temperature at the exit of the nozzle and the area of the nozzle at its exit. (5)Air is heated in a circular duct by a 15 KW electric heating system placed inside the duct.Air enters the duct at 100 kPa and 170C with a mass flow rate of 150 m3/ min. If the heat lost from the duct to the surroundings is at a rate of 200 J/s, determine the exit temperature of the air. (6) Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10MPa and 5000C at a rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 200kPa. If the power out put of the turbine is 2MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the exit. Neglect the changes in kinetic and potential energy.

Education system of the United States of America Essay

The education system of the United States of America is divided into four major categories; the children join primary school at the age of five years. Upon completion of the primary education the Americans join secondary school which consists of seven years. The students who are through with the secondary level are then enrolled in the undergraduate schools. Students in these schools are offered either with an associate degree which takes two years or a bachelor’s degree which normally takes four years. Finally for the students who have successfully completed their bachelor’s degree and wish to continue enroll in the graduate schools where they can either pursue either a master’s degree which normally takes a period of two years or a doctorate degree for those students who wish to advance their education. Depending on the course the student opts to take the doctorate degree can take as little as three years or as many as six years to complete (Bobo, pp 84). Inequality in the education system of US Inequality in education is said to occur when the education quality that is provided to students is highly related to their class or status. The education system in the United States of America have instead of reducing inequalities existing in the society, the schools together with other educational establishments have to some extent enhanced the perpetuation of race and class boundaries. The allocation of resources in an unfair and unequal manner, to students with diverse socio economic backgrounds, has largely contributed to lowering of test scores and low enrollments rates in colleges. In the United States of America, resources availability and quality is determined by the quantity of funding received by the schools. This funding is determined largely by the amount of taxes that the home owners pay; almost half of taxes collected from home owners are used in the funding of the schools at the district level (Ferguson, pp 77). Neighborhoods that are more affluent collect more property taxes which imply that the schools in these areas receive more funding. Despite the fact that this seems to be quite favorable a serious problem comes up when the circumstances are reversed. The neighborhoods that are predominantly inhabited by poor population, the properties are cheaper and thus the property taxes obtained from such neighborhoods are also less. This therefore means that the schools in these regions are poorly funded and yet they are the ones which the students from the poor families attend. This clearly shows a lot of inequality since the students from the rich families who will in most cases will be living in wealthy neighborhoods will attend school which are well funded by the taxes collected from home owners, whereas their colleagues from the poor families residing in poor neighborhoods will attend poorly funded schools and thus both categories of students will not receive the same quality of education. The above situation reality is that the resources distribution among the schools depends on the socio economic status of both the students and the parents. Therefore, the education system of the United States of America enhances in the widening the existing gap between the poor and the rich. Over the past few years as a result of falling short of social mobility this gap has increased further (Bobo, pp 168). The social mobility is quite rigid in US; this mobility refers to the movement of people in a certain class status from one generation to another. The socio mobility is highly related to the rich tags, they create a notion that anyone with determination and works hard is able progress upward regardless to their back grounds. On contrary to this notion, the economists and sociologists have concluded that social mobility has stagnated or even decreased in the past three decades, some of the declines in the social mobility can only be attributed to the US education system which is stratified. The education system in the country forces the students from the low income families into schools that are not ideal; these students are in turn not offered with equal education motivation and schooling opportunities as those students from rich families. This repeated pattern of intergenerational school choices for child and parent results in social mobility stagnation (Kozol, pp 105). The models showing the attainment of social status have always assumed that social mobility is a contest which is open and that it is based on value as calculated over several years of technical ability and schooling. The open contest made the assumption that there was an equal opportunity to basic education. The Supreme Court made a ruling that schools that were separate but equal were unconstitutional; those opposed to integration had to find new means and ways of denying the basic education. If the schools being attended by the blacks and whites could not be segregated then the classes too could not and thus both the whites and the blacks should attend the same schools and classrooms failure to which will amount to denying equality in education to all students (Kozol, pp 98). Social immobility is more to the children who follow their parents’ footsteps and fail to obtain higher education. Such choices finally make the children from the poor families fail to access higher education. The reasons for the children from poor back grounds opting not to continue with higher education have a lot of explanations. The government on its part does not create enough awareness among the children equally and hence the children from lower class status grow up with fewer expectations in life, because such has not been properly instilled in them early in life by the education system that exists in the country. The education system of the United States of America lets down the students from the low income bracket since it does not offer them equal access to opportunities and resources as it does to those students from wealthy families. Studies have also shown that such programs such as the tracking education and gifted education are further used to manage the separation of those with lower skill levels from the ones with higher skills, which in most cases ends up separating the poor from the rich. In fact, most of the students in the program of the gifted students are from middle class families. This does not mean that it is only the rich students that are smart and the poor ones are not, but it simply implies that the program is used to enhance education inequality among the students on the basis of their back grounds it also shows that the students from the poor back grounds are not offered equal opportunities as the rich ones in their childhood development to enable them build up certain skills. The upper and middle class students grow up in an environment that foster their educational and intellectual development simply because their parents can afford to take their children to the museums, engage them in extra curricular activities, and pay private teachers to attend to their children. The poor children do not have access to such an integrated learning approach and the same is not provided in the education system of the US (Greenhouse, 124). The evidence of the fruits of inequality of the education system in the United States of America and especially in Chicago can be shown by the demographics and enrollment rates in colleges. It is highly influenced by the socio economic status of the students, in a study that was carried out in Chicago which examined the top colleges it found out that the following student representation. Seventy five percent of the students were from very rich socio economic backgrounds while the rest came from the poor back grounds. This is a good example of how much inequality exists in the education system of the United States of America and particularly Chicago (Lui, pp 220). The gap in the education system of US just like the chasm of wealth is growing wider and wider each year. An equal opportunity of accessing quality education has become a perennial dream for most of the progressive people and the working class. This dream has been undermined by forces of neo conservative. Despite the fact that there was the adoption of free education in the public schools by the US government in the past, an equal opportunity for quality education is yet to be achieved. Education in the public schools has always been provided for free, although in the past it was not free to the Native Americans, slaves, migrants, student with special needs, pregnant girls and other groups of people which were neglected (Bobo, pp 180). Although slavery came to an end, inequality in the education system still persists, despite the fact that it was one of the major rights the former slaves fought for. The former black slaves thought that by getting access to quality education they would be in a position to integrate socially with other Americans, but this remains a dream that is yet to be realized even though more than a century has elapsed since slavery was abolished. Black children have to date been denied a chance to access quality education since a vast majority of them come from poor families and the education structure in the united states of America is such that it offers a more favorable environment to rich students and denies the poor ones a chance to attend good schools which are well funded with ample resources to enable the students acquire quality education. As a result the black children have for a long time been prevented from succeeding academically and finally succeeding financially after school which applies to the whites (Kozol, pp 112). In Chicago as it is in most parts of the United States the blacks cannot afford to live in rich neighborhoods and since the schools receive much of their funding from the collection of property taxes from home owners, very little is collected in areas inhabited by the black population which in turn implies that their children will attend poorly funded schools which will in most cases lack proper facilities to enhance a smooth learning process. When students are educated in facilities lacking enough facilities they will end up performing poorly and thus have limited chances of excelling academically and in very rare cases will they be in a position to join credible institutions of higher learning. Such students will therefore, in future not be able to secure good white collar jobs and thus they are likely to earn much less in future as compared to those students who were in a position of attending schools that had enough facilities. Therefore, poor students will in future not be able to take their students to good schools since they cannot afford and hence their children will follow in their foot steps and the poverty chain will continue (Ferguson, pp 152). The education system in the United States aids in the maintenance of the existing class structure. Ever since slavery was abolished, the education system has been used by the racist whites as an instrument of enabling them maintains their throne by maintaining a poor black population. The ideas that the minority are inferior have been spread all over the country for decades and the less informed people have always fallen into the trap, as they are made to believe that intelligence and superiority is determined by one’s race. Skewed data has been used to assert such claims and to spread the ill intended ideas (Kozol, pp 144). Conclusion The education system of the United Sates of America is amounts to inequality as students are not given an equal opportunity of accessing quality education. This is mainly as result of the funding system which has been adopted which denies poor students a chance to attend schools that are well funded and thus have ample facilities to enable the to excel academically. The students from rich socio economic back grounds are in a position to attend well funded schools since such students will in most cases live in rich neighborhoods and since school funding originates from property taxes their schools will be well funded as more taxes will be collected in their neighborhoods. The fruits of this inequality are very evident in the enrollment rates of students in institutions of higher learning as statistics reveal that majority of students in these institutions are from the rich back grounds. The education system of the United States thus leads to inequality and denies the poor students an equal chance as the rich ones. Work cited: Bobo, Kimberley A. ; Wage Theft in America: Why Millions of Working Americans Are Not Getting Paid – and What We Can Do about It (2009): New Press, ISBN 1595584455. Ferguson, Ann Arnett; Bad boys: public schools in the making of black Masculinity (2001): University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0472088491. Greenhouse, Steven; The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker (2008): Random House Inc, ISBN 1400044898. Kozol, Jonathan; The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America (2005): Crown Publishing Group, ISBN 0307339416. Lui, Meizhu; The Color of Wealth: The Story Behind the U. S. Racial Wealth Divide (2006): W. W. Norton, ISBN 1595580042.

In “Tree At My Window” by Robert Frost Essay

In â€Å"Tree At My Window,† Robert Frost addresses a tree growing outside of his bedroom window with these words: â€Å"But tree†¦You have seen me when I slept, †¦ I was taken and swept / And all but lost. / That day she put our heads together, / Fate had her imagination about her, / Your head so much concerned with outer, / Mine with inner, weather.† In these lines Frost conveys several emotions and themes that infiltrate many of his works. These common themes include darkness, nighttime, isolation, inner turmoil and the premonition of death. It is through these recurring images that we are able to glimpse into Robert Frost’s life, and see how greatly his life effected his poetry. Robert Frost endured many emotional hardships in his life. Some of the most significant and tragic, are the many deaths in his immediate family. By the time Frost was 27, he had lost both of his parents, his son Elliott, as well as his grandfather, the man who had served as a surrogate father to him after the death of his own father when he was only 11. By the time Frost was 62, he was forced to commit his sister Jeanie to a mental hospital. He had also lost three more of his seven children (one to a miscarriage), as well as his wife Elinor, the love of his life. Five years later, his son Carol committed suicide. â€Å"Spring Pools† is a reflection on Frost’s inner emotions in dealing with the deaths of his children. The â€Å"pools, that though in forests, still reflect / The total sky almost without defect,† are his children. He speaks of their innocence, and the fact that they are too young to know the imperfections of the world, too young to be jaded, or even scared of their forthcoming death. The poem is entitled â€Å"Spring Pools,† however; it does not give an illusion of Spring in the traditional senses of newness, rejuvenation, joy & rebirth. Rather the term â€Å"spring† is used in the title in much the same way as the term â€Å"Spring lamb,† an animal whose only purpose behind being born is to be slaughtered at the end of the season. The trees and roots are symbolic of both death and God. He implores the â€Å"trees that have it in their pent-up buds / to darken nature† to â€Å"think  twice before they use their powers / To blot out and sweep away / These flowery waters.† He is literally begging God to reconsider when bringing death upon his children, yet he knows that he is not the force controlling the situation. He knows that his children â€Å"will like the flowers beside them soon be gone.† The fresh pools, â€Å"from snow that melted only yesterday,† are spoke of with a touch of nostalgic innocence. Frost puts both himself and Elinor, in the poem as, â€Å"a flower beside [the pools].† In referring to the â€Å"pools† as â€Å"flowery waters,† he is not only showing the parental bond between the â€Å"pools† and the â€Å"flower[s] beside them,† but also intensifying the image that the â€Å"pools† are soft, young and innocent. He speaks of their premature death, â€Å"not out by any brook or river, / But up by roots to bring dark foliage on† with deep-rooted feelings of loss brought on by his own personal tragedy. â€Å"Spring Pools† contains within its lines the themes of darkness, sadness, and inevitable death. It shows Frost’s struggle to control occurrences in his life that are virtually insuperable. At the end of the poem, he slowly comes to terms with the uncertainty of life, and he begins to resolve his feelings of contempt for the collective world. Frost is rarely satisfied or resolved with his choices, however he is accepting of his future uncertainties. At the end of most of Frost’s poems, he has generally resolved or come to terms with his emotional and mental turmoil. Many of his works share these same inner conflicts, such as his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† Frost uses â€Å"The Road Not Taken† as poem as a metaphor for the mass amount of travelling that he was doing in the period of his life in which it was written. Between 1909-1915, Frost and his family relocated their home twelve times. They lived in several places on America’s East Coast, including New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and the Virginia-North Carolina border, as well as England, Gloucestershire, and then back to New York. It was during this time of transporting his family back to America that Frost wrote â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† In â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† Frost speaks of â€Å"Two roads†¦in a yellow wood† and  the decision that he must make in choosing one path over the other. He â€Å"looked down one as far as I could / To where it bent in the undergrowth†¦Then took the other, as just as fair,† and scrutinized its possibilities and potential in comparison to the first road. He eventually comes to a decision, deciding to â€Å"[keep] the first for another day! / Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I doubted if I should ever come back.† But is he satisfied with his decision? Of course not! â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence: / Two roads diverged in a wood and I – / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.† He is not satisfied with his decision, as is made apparent when he says that he will be â€Å"telling this with a sigh† somewhere in the future. However, one does not have to be satisfied with their decision to accept it. Choosing the â€Å"road less traveled by† â€Å"has made all the difference† in his life, but Frost does not specify that his choice was the one that produced the best possible outcomes in his life. Many of Frost’s poems concern his future and making decisions that will effect the rest of his life. The poem â€Å"An Old Man’s Night† was first published at the same time as â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† It was a time of great unsettlement, both mentally and physically for Frost. Frost was travelling from one city to another trying to establish his roots. His poetry was being received quite well, but his personal life was in a disheveled state. Elinor was becoming ill due to a weak heart and she suffered a miscarriage. Frost feared for her life, as well as fearing the loneliness that seemed to be inevitably looming in his future. He had suffered quite a substantial amount of grief and heartache, and he was terrified of the thought of getting old by himself. He had been known to hear voices in his head as a child, however, Frost remained adamant that these voices had disappeared when he entered adulthood. Most critics, however, agree that Frost refused to admit that the voices still occupied his mind in order to avoid ridicule or institutionalization. The old man in â€Å"An Old Man’s Winter Night,† can be construed to be Frost himself when he states ambiguously, â€Å"All out of doors looked darkly in at him / Through the ‘thin frost’.† The man is old and alone, not able to  remember his reasoning and decisions. He goes into his cellar, but â€Å"what kept him from remembering what it was / that brought him to the creaking room was age. / He stood with barrels round him – at a loss.† The stillness of the house is obvious in the amplification of common noises. He â€Å"scared the cellar under him / In clomping in here†¦and scared the outer night / Which has its sounds, familiar, like the roar / Of trees, and crack of branches, common things. / But nothing so like beating on a box.† Frost feels that without anyone around him in his life, his life would become insignificant, a â€Å"light he [would be] to no one but himself.† He identifies with the darkness, calling the moon â€Å"as better than the sun in any case / For such a charge.† He is able however, to find peace and sleep in the darkness that envelops him. â€Å"The log that shifted with a jolt / Once in the stove disturbed him and he shifted, / And eased his heavy breathing, but still slept.† Although he is not content, he is beginning to accept that this may be a potential outcome of his life. The final lines convey his fear of the future when he says, â€Å"One aged man – one man – can’t keep a house†¦or if he can†¦It’s thus he does it of a winter night.† The darkness and mystery that couple with nighttime are key players in many of Frost’s metaphors. He often uses a winter night as his setting, and most commonly, the speaker is either travelling or walking out in the cold. Frost himself was rumored to be afraid of the dark, but he was also known for taking long walks in the dark. This was a straightforward way of confronting his fears by staring the darkness in the face and standing up to the nighttime that terrified him. After years of this practice, Frost found himself not only comfortable and at ease in the darkness, but he found also that the nighttime was where he became the most content and free from anxiety. Frost was a very contemplative man, and he used his work to convey his inner thoughts and fears. In â€Å"Good Hours,† Robert Frost writes about a late evening walk down a winter lane. The rhyme scheme of this poem is a simple A, A, B, B pattern and is broken down into four stanzas of four lines each. The speaker walks in pensive silence, having â€Å"no one at all with whom to talk.† As he walks down  the winter lane, he personifies the inanimate objects that surround him, and gives light and life to the surroundings that fill the bleak night. The main unification in this poem comes from the recurring themes of darkness, amplification of sound and stillness, and the speaker’s inescapable loneliness. The speaker is feeling isolation from the world around him, and he cannot escape that feeling no matter how hard he tries to disillusion himself that his life follows the same course as the lives of the people that he sees in the cottage windows. The night is lonely and the speaker tells of â€Å"cottages in a row / Up to their shining eyes in snow.† How can a cottage have eyes, the organs of vision, if it does not possess the sense of sight? But to the speaker, the cottages are enormously alive, and the windows are the eyes from which he can see into the cottage’s soul. Eyes themselves do not literally â€Å"shine,† but in this instance, it is literally true to say that the eyes of the cottage were â€Å"shining† from the light within. The inside of the cottages are full of people performing various activities, and although the speaker is not included in the actions of their lives, he feels as though he is a part of it all, â€Å"I thought I had the folk within: / I had the sound of a violin.† The speaker catches a â€Å"glimpse† from behind a veil of â€Å"curtain laces† â€Å"youthful forms and youthful faces.† (This too, can be construed as an image of his children, partially veiled by a shroud of death). He allows himself to become an integral part of the background scenery to such an extent that it satisfies him and keeps his mind occupied. Notice that he never once mentions the bitter cold that should accompany a snowy winter evening. Although he has no human companion with him, the speaker has â€Å"such company outward bound,† that he continues to walk deep into the night until â€Å"there were no cottages found.† He has been in such deep thought that he has not realized that he has reached the end of the town. He turns and realizing that he has been out such a long time and that it is getting very late, â€Å"I saw no window but that was black,† he heads back toward his home. He crosses  the â€Å"slumbering village street† with his â€Å"creaking feet,† a paradox since the street cannot actually rest or sleep because it is not living. An inanimate object does not need sleep or rest, however, when he â€Å"disturbs† the street’s â€Å"slumber,† he feels it is â€Å"like profanation.† He is disrespecting the street and putting it to an improper use at this time of night, â€Å"at ten o’clock of a winter eve,† when everything else in t he town is at rest and still. The street is empty except for one last wanderer still traversing down a lonely lane. Frost deals with recurring themes of darkness, loneliness, death, and uncertainty. Through these themes, Frost reveals himself in candid form. He was a natural born worrier who often got nervous stomachaches. These occurrences became so frequent that eventually they drove him to quit school for several years. He had fears of abandonment in his childhood, which lead to feelings of isolation in adulthood. Both of these projections can be seen in lines from â€Å"Desert Places.† â€Å"I am too absent-spirited to count; / The loneliness includes me unawares.† Frost writes, â€Å"They cannot scare me with their empty spaces / between stars†¦I have it in me so much nearer home / To scare myself with my own desert places.† By making the parallel between Frost’s life and his poetry, we are able to clearly see how his life experiences shaped his poetry. These experiences gave birth to some of his greatest works, and from these works we see the man behind the poetry. We see a man who dealt with more heartbreak, hardships and sorrow than most should have to endure. We see a man who put more effort and soul into his work, than many will ever attempt. And we see a man whose works have inspired many, and will continue to do so for generations to come.

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Forensic Handwriting Analysis - Essay Example The field of scientific handwriting analysis determines the authenticity of a signature or document. On the other hand, Graphology is the study of handwriting analysis that assesses the writer's traits and personality stating that any two writers are highly unlikely to share similar handwriting characteristics as style, (macro feature) and opening in characters, (micro features), smoothness, size, slant, curvature and angularity etc. Questioned Document Examination or QDE which has been a profession since at least 1870, is related to any "questioned" document in any signature, handwriting, typewriting, computer crime detection, historical dating, fraud investigation or other marks whose source or identity is in dispute or doubtful. The most questioned documents are wills, passports, suicide notes, lottery tickets, organized crime, white collar crime, art and sex crime etc. therefore, to check their authenticity certain methods of forensic analysis have been developed. The method of indented writing or second page writing is the impression captured from the writing instrument on sheets of paper below the one that contains the original writing and is useful in identifying invaluable investigation procedures when medical records are suspected of containing alterations.

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Criminal law (case study) - Essay Example Actus reus of murder (and manslaughter) is the unlawful act that's done deliberately and is a significant cause of death of some person. If the court is able to prove that the defendant had intention to kill (that is, mens rea) then it is murder, not manslaughter. Running from home in panic, Joe pushed his brother who hurt himself when hit the ground. Later his brother went home and died at night from head trauma. Joe can be accused both of battery and manslaughter. Since there is an ambiguity about the term "touching" concerning battery (e.g., the Court of Appeal in Wilson v Pringle [1986] 2 All ER 440 stated that to prove battery "the touching must be proved to be a hostile touching"), we will analyze the third case later. Post-traumatic stress disorder is "an anxiety disorder in which a particularly stressful event, such as military combat, rape, or a natural disaster, brings in its aftermath intrusive mental images of experiencing a traumatic event, emotional numbness and detachment, estrangement from others2" etc. One of the common responses of people with PTSD is uncontrollable behaviour that can be expressed in fits of anger (Chemtob et al., 1997) towards other persons or even assault on them. According to Mental Health Act 1983, there are different kinds of PTSD patients' treatment, e.g., hospitalisation, guardianship, supervision and treatment. The story tells us nothing about it, but since it will be essential later, we assume two probable situations: there was no medical treatment and control of Joe's disorder; there was medical supervision and treatment, but Joe was considered harmless at that time as there were no more measures provided. Having had flashback caused by victim's actions, Joe had lost the sense of reality and behaved according to his traumatic experience. The victim screamed and it caused Joe to have an imaginary return in the traumatic situation and probably to treat the victim as an enemy soldier. Joe's mind has created a delusive situation in which ex-soldier believed that his actions are correct: such belief in moral and legal rightfulness is the first reason to plead diminished responsibility (see Bratty v AG for Northern Ireland (1963) AC 386 at 409). The second factor is total loss of control. Since there were cases when partial loss of control didn't make an acquittal (e.g., in Broome v Perkins (1987) Crim LR 271), the defendant must prove that he had no possibility to control his actions, for the burden of proof in the case of insanity lies with the defendant. Then we must prove that either insanity or automatism took place. The factor that triggered flashback was external that should prove automatism, but Joe's reactions were atypical because of his mental illness that is the inner factor. There is an opinion that "if the defendant loses control because of an illness, that is, some internal factor, he can only plead insanity" (Hill v Baxter (1958) 1 QB 277). But there is the external factor in our case, the victim's scream. We should point that Joe's reaction was atypical and unexpected, and also can refer to the case of R v Rabey (1997) (Canadian case), in which defendant battered his

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Campus Discipline Problem - Assignment Example Miami university-Oxford has a total population of 17191 students whereby 7560 of them are men and the remaining 9631 are women. It is a four-year public university. From the clergy data, it is seen that the university had zero incidents of students in possession of the weapons between the year 2006 and 2007. However, in 2008 there were two students who were reported having weapons. In matters to do with drugs, one in every 905 students were reported in 2006. In 2007, the number rose to one in every 452 students and the situation worsened in 2008 where one in every 1910 students were reported to be in possession of drugs. The school either didn’t do very well on the issue of illegal liquor. One in every 22 students were reported to be in possession of illegal liquor in 2006 and 2007. The number changed to one in every 23 students in 2007 and the situation was no good in 2008, one in every 31 students were reported. In comparison to other colleges in the United States, Miami University didn’t do well in matters to do with liquor and drugs. There were many cases of violation reported as compared to other universities. It also didn’t perform well in the category of four-year public universities in United States. In the category of four-year public universities in Ohio, the University had a poor performance with only Ohio University (main campus) and Ohio state University (main campus) performing worse than it. However, from the data, there was a remarkable reduction of violations from 2006 to

Explain the difficulty in accounting for service trade versus tangible Essay

Explain the difficulty in accounting for service trade versus tangible goods in the Balance of Payments (BOP) framework - Essay Example Therefore, such transactions may not be reported, recorded, or even traced. As opposed to physical goods, the valuation of services is considered to be a difficult task as there may not be a single basis for measuring them and different companies within a single country may be using different approaches to recording of financial data. It is also impossible to deliver the same service or standard of service to customers which may create an argument that services may not recorded on a standardized manner (Arnold, 2011). It is also understood that the valuation of financial services including derivatives can have varying effects on balance of payments of different countries as they are based on different bases of measurement. Furthermore, there may be lacking of benchmarks which can be used for recording and measuring of services. Therefore, it is impossible to include all items of services in the current

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Paper Assignment 2 - Essay Example With that, their programming strategies in these countries are similar despite the clear cultural differences. There has been a lot of argument as to what difference transnational television brings when compared to the television programming strategies and dynamics that are portrayed in a majority of US based television networks which implement a localized multi-directional media flow (A localized multi-directional media flow is media programming that is customized and/ or localized to fit into the culture and dynamics of the country and/ or region in which it is showcased). It should be noted that localization of channels brings a cultural benefit which in turn increases the audience / viewer numbers in different regions. The article by Lustyik (2010) seeks to discover the difference between transnational and localized multi-directional media television networks. MTV is one of the most popular international television networks that are owned by Viacom International media networks. As such, it also has a large number of viewing audiences in a number of countries and/ or regions in the world. These include the likes of: Africa, Asia, Pacific, North America, South America and UK. The programming in these countries and/ or regions can be termed as multi-directional media - where programming in these different regions has been localized to suit the different cultures that are present in these specific regions. For example, MTV programming in Africa is different from that of Asia, UK and USA. A good example is that of South Africa. MTV South Africa has been optimally localized to showcase programming as well as presenting and advertising that are totally South African. As such, this option seeks attract a larger audience of South African viewers. Some of the localized programmes include the likes of: The Official African Chart and The Base Chart Show – both of which air different South

Research study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research study - Essay Example This characteristic is a necessary component of teacher education programs. The problem that is being investigated is the subject of reflection of the professional vocational careers of educators in a tertiary educational institute environment. The dilemmas and issues which are discussed in the literature are the benefits and characteristics of reflection. Dewey (1933) said that teachers must reflect in order to properly deliver and implement the subject taught in their classes. Reflection is an answer to a previous event which entails learning, remembering, circumspection and introspection. The sample population was at a Liberal arts college in the Midwest. An autobiographical academic report was collected along with statistical information about the respondents. The statistical method which was applied was comparative analysis. The bias is the self perception of the respondents. The areas where future research could be conducted are upon the elements of self satisfaction within the psychological domain and the selections of the three respondents who did not fit into the status

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS - Research Paper Example Advantages of Command Economy 1. Facilitates the realization of an economy’s long term goals and objectives hence rapid development Central to the command economy is â€Å"a central planning authority† (Fernando 2011, p.115). In this kind of economy, the state establishes development goals and targets, which the planning authority plans, executes, supervises, and evaluates. The authority establishes targets and administers control aimed at realization of the overall development and economic growth objectives. The objectives usually include stability of prices, faster economic growth, and reduction of inequalities of income to avoid market failure. 2. Reduction of income and wealth inequality Command economy ensures equitable wealth distribution, which cushions any market failure in the economy. The health and education standards are also relatively higher in a command economy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). For instance, in 1980s China and India had similar pe r capita incomes but China had higher primary education levels and life expectancy (â€Å"Guiding development† n.d.). Disadvantages of Command Economy 1). Misplaced Incentives- The producer’s and investors are discouraged since their efforts do not pay off well as they should. In planned economy, the state often rewards the hardworking people only with fame and honors rather than the kind of incentives any investor looks for which is profits. The planned economy focuses on equitable wealth distribution which and therefore the workers and producers are less motivated to put efforts in what they do. 2). Failure of co-ordination- Planned economies try to co-ordinate the entire economic decisions regarding production, investments, consumption, and trade made by producers and consumers. The efficiency of such regulations lacks particularly where mismatch occurs between the supply of products and the demand by consumers. Bottlenecks in production lead to a shortage of some g oods. This happens since planners may not necessarily know most essential needs to consumers at every point in time. A good example of the failure in co-ordination is what happened to Soviet Union in the late 1980s- there was a shortage in food storage and transportation while the supply of TV sets was ample (Lipsey & Chrystal 2007, p.3). 3). Slow decision making and wastes of resources- Command economy often needs many planners to run the control system which leads to slow decision making. This single control authority is charged with decisions about allocation of production means among different sectors, branches, and uses as well as the distribution of all goods. Slow decision and action about perishable goods often results in wastes. 4). Less dynamic technology economy- Few incentives to innovate leads to limited innovations. Planned economies remain behind in most of their technology with the exception of military and rocket science. This was seen in Soviet Union, which was usi ng the West’s 1930s technology in 1950s and in China which later borrowed the outdated technology from Soviet Union 5) Political repression- Governments in planned economy own the means of control and dictation of economic production and therefore civil liberties cannot be enjoyed. Conclusion The command economy has very many disadvantages and just a few advantages. Command economy is infamous and has been observed to be unstable in countries like the former Soviet Union and China where it was practiced. Trade between nations Introduction Trade between nations has the benefits for all participating countries. To some extent, all countries rely

Moral Judgment and Ethical Leadership in Chinese Management-The Role Research Paper

Moral Judgment and Ethical Leadership in Chinese Management-The Role of Confucianism and Collectivism - Research Paper Example The paper throws light on moral judgment and ethical aspects are two of the most important aspects used in management leadership. Management leaders need to take decisions in regard to greater moral judgments and ethical perspectives. Moral judgment and ethical decision making abilities are important in management leadership in order to develop the organizational science. Moral judgment and ethical leadership management help organizations to reduce the uncertainties in management issues related to interests of multiple stakeholders and management values. In Chinese management system theses concepts are highly important in creating greater effective management leadership practices, Confucianism is the most important ethical as well as philosophical system which was developed by the renowned Chinese philosopher Confucius. This ethical and philosophical aspect is also applied in management leadership practices. The notion of collectivism deals with the any political, social, economic, a nd religious aspect which emphasizes on the interdependence of each and every human being and the concept is very much important in Chinese leadership management for increasing the level of collected interests in management practices. The political structure of the country is the most important inspiration for promoting the collectivism approach in the country and Confucianism acts as the moral guiding support for management leaders across the country to apply moral judgment and ethical aspects in business management practices. ... This ethical and philosophical aspect is also applied in management leadership practices. The notion of collectivism deals with the any political, social, economic, and religious aspect which emphasizes on the interdependence of each and every human being and the concept is very much important in Chinese leadership management for increasing the level of collected interests in management practices. The political structure of the country is the most important inspiration for promoting the collectivism approach in the country and Confucianism acts as the moral guiding support for management leaders across the country to apply moral judgment and ethical aspects in business management practices (Cheng, 2011, pp. 657-658). Literature Review and propositions Development: A) The Nature of Confucianism: Confucianism plays an important role in the process of development of strong cultural perception in Chinese social, cultural, economic, and business management perspectives and also it plays t he most crucial role in the process of development in the culture of the country. Confucianism leads to greater and stronger perceptions in the cultural context of the country. The core idea of Confucianism is humanism which is the guiding force for developing the stronger perspective in the cultural context of the country. The ethical and sociopolitical teaching of the notion of Confucianism and the humanism approach of the performing social, cultural, economic, and political practices and acts are helping the development of all cultural contexts of the country to become stronger with the passage of time (Husted and Alan, 2008, pp. 297-299). This property of Confucianism of dealing with humanism helps the culture of the country through developments of people

Greek Mythology and Perseus Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and Perseus Essay King Acrisius of Argos has a stunningly beautiful daughter but wants a son, so he prays to the gods. Apollo tells him not only that Acrisius will never have a son, but also that the son of his daughter will kill him. The only way to fully prevent this prophecy would be to kill his daughter, Danae, but Acrisius fears what the gods would do to him. Instead, he imprisons Danae in a bronze house without a roof and guards her carefully. Arcisius does not expect, however, that Zeus will come to her and impregnate her. Perseus is born, and after Acrisius discovers the baby, he puts Perseus and Danae in a box and sets it out in the ocean. Luckily (or thanks to Zeus), the box washes up on a small island, where a kind fisherman named Dictys takes Danae and Perseus in. They live happily until Dictyss brother, King Polydectes, falls in love with Danae and decides to get rid of her son. Polydectes convinces Perseus to kill the Medusa, a horrifying beast with snakes for hair. But this feat seems impossible because whoever looks at the snakes will turn instantly to stone. Hermes gives Perseus guidance and a sword stronger than the Medusas scales. He tells Perseus that to fight the Medusa Perseus will need special equipment from the Nymphs of the North. Their location is a mystery, and Perseus must ask the Gray Women, three sisters who live in a gray land and are gray themselves. They share only one eye among the three, and they alternate using it. Before Perseus sets out to find them, Athena gives him her shield and tells him that he must look at the Medusa through the shield, like a mirror, in order to avoid turning to stone. Perseus finds the Gray Women and steals the eyeball, holding it hostage in exchange for the location of the Nymphs of the North. Hermes helps Perseus travel there, where he finds a land of happy people, always banqueting and celebrating. They give him his three gifts: winged sandals, a magic wallet that changes to the size of whatever its contents, and, most important of all, a magic cap that will turn whoever wears it invisible. With Hermes and Athena at his side, Perseus finds and kills Medusa. He puts the head in his wallet and flies, invisible, back toward his mother. On the way, he passes a beautiful woman chained to a rock, Andromeda, and falls in love with her instantly. She was chained there because her foolish mother had thought herself more beautiful than any goddess, so as punishment the gods told her to chain her daughter to a rock, where she would be eaten by a serpent. Perseus kills the serpent and takes Andromeda home. When he returns to the island, he discovers that Danae and Dictys have gone into hiding because Danae will not marry Polydectes. The evil king, meanwhile, is hosting a banquet with all his supporters. Perseus barges in and holds up the head of Medusa. Unable to look away in time, all the men turn to stone. Perseus finds his mother, makes Dictys king, and marries Andromeda. Optimistic, Perseus and Danae return to Argos to find her father, King Acrisius. They hope that his heart has warmed since he put them in a box out to sea, but when they reach Argos they realize that he fled the land. One day, Perseus competes in a discus-throwing contest. His disc veers far to the side and lands on a spectator in the crowd, killing him instantly. This is Acrisius, in fulfillment of Apollos prophecy. Analysis This famous tale underscores the inescapable nature of fate and prophecies in the course of telling a heros story. Although Acrisius took drastic action to change destiny, short of killing his own daughter he can do nothing to prevent his fate. Perseus is too strong to be kept down and on an island, so it is fitting that his fate is to go on adventures and quests and to be helped by gods. He fits the heroic model of an honorable man overcoming all obstacles to reunite his family and do justice. It is interesting to note that the story does not indicate whether fate or Zeus guided Perseuss box to the island. As in the Creation of Earth, the reader must wonder who is in charge. Is there a difference between fate and Zeus, and if so, what is that boundary? Who controls Zeuss fate? To the extent that Zeus does help Perseus, the story also illustrates the benefits that come with honorable behavior. Zeus, Hermes, and Athena all help Perseus at critical moments, allowing him to successfully complete his missions. Perseus, of course, contributes to his own success as well. Hospitality again proves to be beloved by the gods: Dictys, the fisherman, becomes king. In this way, the story highlights that great people can have humble beginnings. Baucis and Philemon, the most clear examples of humble hospitality, share with Dictys a selflessness that ultimately the gods reward. The gods shower these humble characters with material wealth, but why? If humility and selflessness are important, why would physical wealth be the appropriate reward? Perhaps the answer lies in the context of such physical wealth and what it means to the characters. As Perseus deals with the Gray Women, we see the imaginative nature of Greek mythology. These distinct characters, sharing one eye, all shades of gray, last in the readers mind and expand the universe which the mythology depicts. Moreover, when Perseus actually defeats them, the story underscores the recurring theme of human ingenuity. Perseus, of course, stands as a premiere example of Greek heroism. He overcomes all obstacles to defend his family and exact revenge. He proves honorable and valiant, calm and clever. As he fights for his mothers respect and hopes for his estranged fathers love, he values family and loyalty above all else. Medusa, by contrast, is one of the most famous mythical beings. In her case, it is not beauty but ugliness that causes problems for the observer. She is so terrible that one direct look at her turns a person to stone. Medusa is a direct contrast to the many beautiful characters (Adonis, Narcissus) who appear throughout the tales. In this story, as in other tales of heroes, the Greek myths become adventure tales with unforgettable drama, high stakes, and imaginative characters. Such adventures and quests make eachstory live on throughout time as astounding literature that captures our imagination.

Examples Of Social Networking Sites

Examples Of Social Networking Sites Social networking sites are gaining lot of popularity these days with almost all educated youth by using one or another site like this. Has played such a crucial role in overcoming the barriers and cross the seas, and to allow them to communicate on a common platform. Become E popularity and medium-potential for them to remain friends with that list and raise the social circle, at least in terms of knowledge. The issue of privacy, security and legal issues cropping up in all this time. Through this research seeks to discover the impact of these sites on the personal and professional lives of its users. Its a very personal question to answer and it is based on the same view is reflected in the research methodology adopted by us Introduction Social network is the structure is made of the social contract (which are usually individuals or organizations) that are connected by one or more of certain types of relations. (Social Network, 2007). With the rapid growth of the people who use or have access to the Internet, and social networking sites is essential for the Internet community to keep in touch with each other. Social networking sites on the Web to help people stay in touch with old friends and make new friends, and new data or distribution of products, and many other aspects of our daily lives. The official site of the first social networking site Classmates.com, which was founded in 1995 (Social Network, 2007). And the subsequent growth of a slow but steady in the number of social networking sites for the vast majority of sites we have today. Why social networking Web sites that work so well because, as they are born, they start small and then grow steadily. Site begins with a small number of people who tell their friends and then on the site, then those friends tell their friends about the site, and soon the site is a huge database of users to connect with friends, acquaintances, or just a bunch of random people. Web sites are designed to allow users to create a profile and describes herself as for the exchange of messages and the list of users public and private sectors or groups of them linked in one way or another. (Social Network, 2007). Are often designed most of the social networking sites to suit a particular type of society, and how the community college as a music or Facebook.com community feedback / reflected by the party MySpace.com. With the rapid growth of social networking sites and use them on a global scale, everything you hear on social networking sites on the Internet does not matter because the sites social networking sites are increasing in popularity and is here to stay. Examples of social networking sites ORKUT.COM Orkut is an Internet social network service run by and named by byGoogle Creator, Google employee Orkut Buyukkokten. Claims may be designed to help Users meet new friends and maintain existing relationships. toFacebook similar, Friendsterand MySpace, Orkut goes a step further to allow the establishment of simpleforums easy set-up (called community) of users. Since October 2006 Orkut has permitted users to create accounts without an invitation. The initial target market for Orkut United States, but most users are inBrazil. In fact, in November 2007, 62.9% of traffic comes from Brazil, followed by 19.2% from India. In December 2007, dropped from Googles Orkut site from the drop-down menu at the international level. FACEBOOK.COM Facebook is another example of the social networking site. Developed by the student It was Mark Zuckerberg at Harvard University in 2004, originally Facebook.com TheFacebook.com (Bock, 2007). The purchase of the domain name Facebook.com, in August 2005 for $ 200,000, and the site was originally developed for students of colleges and universities as a way to connect with each other (Bock, 2007). Which includes the majority of the members of the college social networking site on the basis of the Facebook.com is the leading website to download images, which owns several million tourists each day. Since its inception, Facebook.com has now open to anyone with a valid email address and offers options for its members to join the millions of networks of people with similar interests. It is said that 80% of users check Facebook.com account every day, and 93% of users check Facebook.com account at least monthly (Facebook, 2007) Facebook.com generates revenue from advertising because it contain s a large number of registered users. MYSPACE.COM MySpace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user submitted A network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music and videos internationally. E headquarters in Beverly Hills, California, United States of America, where she shares an office building directly with the owner, Fox Interactive Media, in turn, the owner of Fox Interactive and MySpace, and so, News Corporation, based in New York City According to Alexa Internet, MySpace is currently the worlds sixth most popular site in English and the most popular site in the sixth and in any language, and the third most popular site in the United States, although it has been planning on various weeks. The service gradually gained more popularity than similar websites to achieve nearly 80 percent of visits to social networking sites on the Internet. The company employs 300 employees and not disclose revenues or profits separately from News Corporation. 100000000 with the account created in August 9, 2006 in theNetherlands and news accounts alleging 8.2006 106 million in September, and attracts site said, a rate of 230,000 new registrations per day. On December 18, 2007, and there are more than 300 million accounts. HI5.COM hi5 is a social networking site, which throughout2007, was one of the 25 Most visited sites on the Internet. The company was founded in 2002 byRamu Yalamanchi, who is also the current Executive Director. In December 2007, more than 98 Hi5 Million members. In Hi5, users create personal Web site to display information such as age, interests and hometown and upload user pictures where users can post comments. Hi5 also allows the user to create photo albums and the creation of personal music player in your profile. Users can also send friend requests via e-mail to other users. When a person gets asked a friend, and that he is unable to accept or reject, or block the user completely. If the user accepts another user as a friend, you will be directly connected to two or degrees. User appears in the persons friends list and vice versa. Some users choose to make their profiles available to all on the Hi5 to view. Other users exercise the option to make your profile only visible to those people who are in their network. Consists of a network of friends of friends of the user directly (1 degree), and friends of direct friends (class II), and friends of friends of friends directly. Analysis and interpretation Popular social networking sites huge, especially among young people. The sample was selected from the majority of students to schools. Analysis of the data tells us that 98% of the students to use at least one of the networking sites. Strengths Cooperative The distinguishing feature of social networking programs are in sociability. People come together for a common purpose, and the establishment of a body of content through a joint effort. Peer review ensures that there is a clear relationship. Synergies generated in this process ensures that the whole is greater than sum of its parts. Users assess your material against material to other members of the community, and participation in higher cognition, such as analysis and synthesis. Involving Nature of the programs and social networks makes it ended, and the creation of dynamic content. Since the users themselves are the owners of this content, and theyre excited about the change and add to. Accordingly, the content is in many cases the value of current and unique. Peer review is a basic characteristic of these communities, and the analysis and synthesis of emerging content convincing. A sense of community The concept of similarity with others, meeting of minds and a sense of security arising from this interdependence is of great intrinsic value to community members. The following are excerpts from Reuters transfer of more than Maslow: Get the value of social networking comes to meet In reference to a recent report Communispace. Weaknesses Excessively . The Ten years ago (? It was a really long time), we were also in the noise of technology for Web technologies will revolutionize the way we live, and how corporations work almost everything that the massive amounts invested money in all kinds of ideas based on the Web , and optical fiber in the ground equipment for telecommunications to banking services via the Internet to sell pet food over the Internet using mascot sock puppet. A few years later, the bubble burst. both is the culmination of sales techniques and business models and the market collapsed. of the company (and investment) and point of view, and techniques of the novel the Web is something to avoid what often gets lost in time close to the bubble last that the use of the Internet does not stop, pause or even a lot. has continued to e-commerce, and the noise big driver at the end of 1990, to grow in the actual use even though the ratings company crashed. Similarly, technological innovation and continuous improvement. T oday, he returned the noise, and there are a lot of start of commercial operation, and there are new applications such as Internet technology will revolutionize this or that. described a lot of fun and Web 2.0, which refers to the release of the second main of Web technology. Chaotic In press releases is not a public relations strategy, Linda VandeVrede easy compared to the distribution of social media to ride the land of chaos and the absence of zoning in the state of his hometown in Arizona. What had been given once in the land of desert and a beautiful way to communities of poor planning and highways, and now in the streets clogged and insufficient capacity to contain, he says. While it supports the expression on the Internet for democracy, but it is concerned about the size and poor quality Web content and narcissism and a false sense of achievement to be paid in many cases. VandeVrede is not only an accurate assessment in the new world of social media. In passing sentence (when youll be presented with the person for the award), and warned that time is Web 2.0 harnesses the stupidity of crowds and wisdom. Integration Topcu looking to build a level of integration to sit on Web 2.0 services have been overtaken by subsequent events. In June 2007, Facebook announced the opening of the Institute for outside developers. Applications can now be written in FBML be written that can be implemented in other sites from Facebook. The rest of revenge in the world in October when Google announced the launch of its OpenSocial. OpenSocial is a collaboration between Google and other social networking sites. Conclusion Social networking site on the Internet is an online community where people can connect with others with similar interests. Since its inception in 1995, Classmates.com, and slept on the Internet social networking sites are great to include sites such as hi5.com huge day of Facebook.com, and orkut.com. Through these sites can be for companies use of social networking sites on the Internet to connect with potential employees, and marketing of new products, and get feedback on existing products and new ideas for products in the future. Although there are many of the asset value of social networking sites, there are also major issues facing these sites, such as the protection of personal data, and the protection of children and the protection of copyrighted material. Even if you have problems, and social networking Web sites is still one of the best inventions in the modern era, because they connect a lot of people

Strength Training for Volleyball Players

Strength Training for Volleyball Players The improvement of these abilities is quite important for a volleyball player, being the muscular strength many times the priority for the young athlete. Several studies have reported significant improvements in vertical jump following resistance training (Baker et al, 1994 ) and (Stone et al, 1981).The purpose of strength training for volleyball is not to build big muscles, but to develop the physical characteristics necessary to improve a player’s performance. Strength training is very important to volleyball and however, should not be developed independently from other abilities such as agility, speed and endurance. This program is designed mainly to improve the skill of vertical jump in volleyball for players with moderate to advanced experience. Needs Analysis Needs analysis focuses on the fitness needs of both the activity (vertical jump) and the athlete involved in the sport (volleyball). Sport analysis Successful participation in volleyball sport requires expertise in many physical skills and performance is often dependent on an individual’s ability to propel themselves into the air during both offensive and defensive manoeuvres. These movements include the jump serve, spike, and block. During the carrying out of a jump serve or a spike, the player jumps high into the air and strikes the ball at the highest point of their jump in an effort to propel the ball rapidly down towards the opposing side of the net. Defensively, front row players defend against spikes by jumping into the air with their hands raised in an effort to impede the offensive attack. Unlike offensive jumps, defensive jumps are not maximal vertical jump efforts. There are many factors that are involved in an athlete’s vertical jump and many factors that are involved in improving an athlete’s vertical jump. Vertical jump mainly involves use of the lower limbs. However, the upper limbs play an important role in vertical jump activity. Feltner et al (1999) and Harman et al (1990) concluded that using an arm swing during vertical jumping improved performance over no arm swing. An upward swing causes a downward force on the trunk which in turn slows the rate of contraction of the leg muscles allowing the muscles to contract at a slower velocity and thus generates more force. The fact that an arm swing is so important to vertical jumping performance, may indicate that there is a technique or skill component to vertical jumping, rather than just leg power (Young, 1995). Another biomechanical aspect of vertical jump is the bi-lateral deficit. Bi-lateral deficit results in different heights one-leg versus two-leg vertical jump. The maximal height achieved from one-legged jump is approximately 60% of the maximal two-legged height (Challis, 1998). The possible reason for this deficit may be a neuromuscular adaptation. One-leg jump requires a maximal recruitment of muscle fibres due to less muscle mass available. Furthermore, the height that is achieved by the vertical jump has a direct correlation with the amount of force that is produced by the muscle fibres. This force is created by a phenomenon known as the stretch-shortening cycle of muscle fibres. The stretch-shortening cycle is a natural reaction by muscle fibres to slow the body from fast movements and prevent injury to the individual involved (Kraemer and Newton, 1994). The stretch-shortening cycle involves a counter-movement when a muscle fibre is rapidly stretched creating tension within the muscle. A counter-movement occurs when the muscles are eccentrically stretched, and then rapidly shortened to accelerate the body in the opposite direction and achieve the reverse desirable action. To accomplish this, the muscles act eccentrically to slow the body and initiate the reverse desirable movement (Kraemer and Newton, 1994). This cycle is critical to vertical jump performance. As the individual flexes the knees to jump, the stretch shortening cycle is activated and the athlete explodes into the jump. Newton et al (1997) claimed that there may be an even more important factor to producing more forceful contractions. The research that they conducted came to the conclusion that force output did increase as a function of load, but lighter loads also produced more force because of the speed that the muscle was contracting. In terms of muscle fibre type, elite volleyball players typically show muscle fibre percentages of around 52-60% Fast Twitch muscle fibre composition, which compare favourably to samples from elite level sprinters and jumpers (45-80%FT) (Conlee et al, 1982). A final biomechanical feature of vertical jumps involves the mechanics of the two-joint muscles of the lower limbs. The major muscle groups of the lower extremities involved in vertical jump are the hamstrings, quadriceps and gastrocnemius. All these muscle groups are bi-articulated muscles that cross over multiple joints. The sequence of muscle activation occurs through a proximal to distal pattern (Pandy, 1991). Thus, the gluteus maximus and hamstrings are activated first with a distinct goal of accelerating the trunk upward after countermovement. The activation continues downward through thigh, shank and finally to the toes. Therefore, all of the lower limb muscles must work in order to develop an explosive power. Energy source Research has shown that elite volleyball players to rely primarily upon their anaerobic energy system to supply energy demands during a match (Conlee et al, 1982). However, matches can last up to two and a half hours; therefore some aerobic component must be present as well. Volleyball is 90% anaerobic and 10% aerobic (Baechle et al, 2000). The aerobic energy system may not be relied upon during matches, but it is certainly important during training sessions, rest, and recovery periods. In relation to the specific composition of muscle fibres, it has been suggested that athletes with a well developed anaerobic power capacity will generate more power than athletes with a high aerobic power capacity (Conlee et al, 1982). Primary sites of injury The mechanisms and frequencies of injury in volleyball are well documented. The jump-landing sequence is the most common source of injury in volleyball (Briner and Kacmar, 1997). In fact, blocking and spiking are linked with over 70% of volleyball injuries (Watkins and Green, 1992). Ferretti et al., (1992) hypothesized that the high number of jumps and the likelihood of losing balance due to deviations in jumping technique are the primary causes of injury during volleyball. The vast majority (90%) of volleyball injuries occur in the lower extremity with the knee joint being particularly vulnerable (Gerberich et al, 1987). Knee injuries are of particular importance because they are associated with more lost time from sports participation than other injury sites (Solgà ¥rd et al, 1995). A well-designed volleyball training program will also help to reduce the incidence and severity of injury in volleyball players. Despite being a non-contact sport, a three study found that volleyball is the eighth most injury prone sport in the age group 14 to 20 years (De Loà «s ,1995). Program Design A well-structured volleyball training program can increase explosive power, vertical jump height, stamina and speed and agility around the court. Skill training alone, such as practising spikes, wont develop the physical traits necessary to play to the athletes full potential (Gabbett et al, 2006).Volleyball players have exceptional lower body power and perform well in the vertical jump test (Smith et al,1992). Power in the legs is needed to jump explosively off the ground in order to spike, block, set and dive. This program is designed to maximize the vertical jump for a professional volleyball player who is very interested in increasing his vertical jump to enhance his sport performance for the in-season period. It is a pre-season program which focuses on actual sport specific functions. Squatting, jumping, lateral stepping, hitting and spiking are all common volleyball movements. The pre-season volleyball strength training routine is less intense than the off-season. The goal is to maintain that strength and power, but to perfect sport specific movements. The subject is a full-time employee therefore he has no plenty of time for training. He also practises volleyball with no real schedule. He devotes his weekend to leisure activities and social commitments, so training must be scheduled during weekdays. Conveniently, the subject has no prior major sports injury and he was medically cleared fit for resistance training. The subject has good background of resistance training programs and he has been on training course over the past three months. His training included jogging for 30 minutes and some basic general strength exercises. In order to make strength a valuable physiological component, it must be trained in such a way that gains in strength lead to the highest levels of jumping power. This jumping power must then be effectively applied during the game. To achieve this, strength program is structured into three training phases that lead into the competitive phase. This program consists of three phases (mesocycles) derived from a classic periodization model. These three phases are basic strength, explosive strength and reactive strength. Each phase is four weeks in length. Phase 1 This phase precedes explosive strength and reactive strength training. This is important even for experienced strength-trained athletes as the nature of competitive sport places uneven stresses on the body. The goal here is not to try to necessarily mimic sports movements, but rather just to increase the contractual force producing capabilities of the muscles that are involved in the vertical jump. This phase lasts for 4 weeks and it aims to balance strength between the two sides of the body. It also aims to restore correct balance between the flexors and extensors (such as the hamstrings and quadriceps for example). Attention will be paid to developing limit strength in the muscles of the quadriceps, glutes, hamstrings and lower back as these are the most important muscle groups for vertical jumping. The muscles of the hip extensors will be given special attention because they are usually the weak links in the large majority of athletes. These muscles are the glutes, hamstrings, and lower back. During this phase, training begins at a low intensity with high volume. It includes sport-specific exercises related to vertical jump as well as some non-specific exercises such as core exercises. Overload progress from 60% to 75% of 1RM. Repetitions per set range from 5 to 10 depending on how intense the exercise is. Phase 2 The goal of explosive strength exercises is to either perform the movement with more speed, or with more height. For example, try to jump higher while squatting with light to moderate weights. Generally, speed of movement, especially the beginning of the movement, is more important than the load involved when it comes to these exercises.Explosive strength movements focus on developing maximal starting and explosive strength, without much involvement of the reflexive stretch-shortening cycle .They essentially focus on applying max voluntary force as quickly as possible. In this phase plyometric exercises will be introduced particularly jumps in place and standing jump. Phase 3 Reactive strength exercises generally consist of jumps. The goal with the reactive strength exercises is to execute the movements with either less time spent on the ground or by jumping higher. These movements allow you to take advantage and build upon the reflexive forces that come from the plyometric effect. They are essential for anyone wanting to jump higher and run faster. This training uses the stretch-shortening cycle (stretch reflex) .The stretching reflex responds to the speed at which muscle/tendon complex is stretched prior to movement. Therefore, the faster and greater the stretch is the greater the corresponding reactive force will be. Specificity All exercises included in this program are designed to improve strength, neuromuscular adaptations and recruitment of muscles involved in vertical jump. Volleyball requires explosive movements with sequential use of muscles in a specific order. Olympic lifts strengthen muscles at a similar velocity and in the same order as needed in volleyball (Cross, 1993). Thus, this program will include use of Olympic lifts (snatch, clean and jerk). Most vertical jumping in volleyball is performed from static standing or from a two-step approach (Black, 1995). However, many upward and lateral movements of the upper limb are needed for blocking and spiking. Upper body and abdominal (trunk) strength has also been shown to be a contributing factor to vertical jump performance (Bobbert et al, 1994). Strength in the upper body, particularly the arms and shoulders helps to increase the strength throughout the trunk region which creates solid posture to help maximise jumping technique. Therefore, this program includes many exercises of upper body in order to strengthen all muscles involved in vertical jump.Other exercises (bench press, push press and core conditioning) are included in the program although they do not specifically improve vertical jump. These exercises are included to maintain muscular balance and enhance strength base. While this program is basically designed to improve the vertical jump, it would also be sufficient in developing upper and lower body strength and power. This program also includes some plyometric activities for both upper and lower limbs.Velocity specificity is an important consideration when designing resistance training programs for vertical jump. It indicates that training adaptations (e.g., increased strength/power) are greatest at or near the training velocity (Pereira and Gomes, 2003). However, there exists a conflicting hypothesis that the intention to move a barbell, one’s own body, or any other object explosively is more important than the actual movement velocity in determining velocity-specific responses of the neuromuscular system to resistance training (Behm and Sale, 1993)Plyometric training has been shown to be one of the most effective methods for improving explosive power (Fleck and Kraemer, 2004). A wide variety of athletes can benefit from power training, particularly if it follows or coincides with a strength training program. In order for plyometric training to be at its most effective it should follow a phase of maximal strength training (Baechle et al, 2000). The purpose of plyometrics is to improve the athlete’s capacity to apply more force more rapidly. Logically then, the greater the athlete’s ability to generate maximal force or strength to begin with, the more of it can be converted into sport-specific power. Weighted vertical jumps are included in this program for its popularity among training specialists and for its proven benefits in many studies. Baker et al. (2001) found that maximal power was achieved during weighted squat jumps with a 48-63% of 1RM squat. Moreover, Wilson et al. (1993) concluded that weighted jumps increased counter-movement and non-counter-movement vertical jump heights more than the traditional resistance training and plyometric. In the same way, Newton et al (1997) showed that ballistic jump squat training against 30, 60, and 80% 1RM improved vertical jump performance of elite volleyball players significantly more than squat and leg press training with 6RM loads. Subjects in both groups also completed the usual on-court volleyball practice, which involved a large volume of jumping activities. Harris et al. (2000) support this idea by showing the superiority of a combination of heavy- and light-load training to either training method alone in improving a variety of sports performance in football players. Accordingly, athletes may benefit most from resistance training using a range of loads with the intention to move explosively coupled with practicing of the actual sport movement Equipment and spotting This program relies mainly on free-weight training exercises including barbell and dumbbells. Other equipment include pulley and plyometric training facilities such as medicine balls, boxes and hurdles .Free weight training has some advantages over machine training such as whole body training and simulation of real sport activities. However, free weight training requires more balance and coordination. Therefore, spotting is highly required during training with free weights particularly with beginners and young athletes. This program has plenty of free weight exercises performed in different positions and angles and at different velocities therefore, spotting will be carried out for the most of exercises but special attention will be given to the most dangerous exercises such as overhead exercises and Olympic lifts. Intensity The intensity of the program starts at a low level and increases gradually throughout the program. 1RM strength was established at the beginning of the program by estimation from a 10RM test-measured value. 1RM is retested every two weeks after the initial test. However, 1RM will be estimated from 1RM-5RM at the beginning of the second mesocycle. Estimating the 1RM from 10RM provides a general guide until the trainee has developed sufficient strength and neural adaptations that would make testing at low RMs safe an effective (Fleck and Kraemer, 2004). Intensity is adjusted by increasing the amount lifted and using supersetting and compound exercises (several exercises for the same muscle group, or multiple exercises for different muscle groups performed with little or no rest). During the last week (microcycle) of each mesocycle, the intensity and volume are slightly decreased in order to allow time for complete adaptation to take place. Plyometric exercises are introduced according to their intensity level. Low intensity exercises are first introduced followed by moderate and then high intensity exercises. Training volume Training volume is generally estimated from the total number of sets and repetitions performed in a single session. A multiple-set (three to six sets) power program incorporated into a strength training program consisting of one to six repetitions in periodized manner is recommended for advanced power training (Fleck and Kraemer, 2004). One meta-analysis (Rhea et al, 2003) concluded that four sets of resistance training produced twice the strength increases of one set. Baker et al (2001) concluded that as training volume increases, power tends to decrease and vice versa. Therefore, in order to maximize power gains in this program, the volume of the training starts at a high level and steadily decreases over time. Resistance training volume is further reduced when introducing plyometric exercises. Volume is adjusted by decreasing the number of repetitions per set or by decreasing the number of sets per session. Rest and recovery Adequate rest and recovery are addressed by allowing a full day of rest between each two successive sessions, as well as limiting number of exercises per set. Generally, rest between sets ranges from three to four minutes depending on the number of repetitions performed and intensity of the exercise. For example, a set of 6 repetitions of box jump will need four- minute- rest. When training muscle groups which act together in the same session (i.e. pectorals and deltoids), fatigue may take place. To prevent this problem the muscle groups just trained will be rested or an unrelated muscle groups such as calf group may be trained prior to the training of subsequent muscle groups that have similar actions. Plyometric exercises are performed at the beginning of the training session after a thorough warm-up. Doing so, athlete will develop maximal power before muscle become fatigued from resistance training (Fleck and Kraemer, 2004). The highest volume and intensity exercises are usually performed on Fridays, thus allowing two-day recovery. Periodization This program is designed as a pre-season training consisting of three mesocycles, with four microcycles in each mesocycle. Each microcycle is one week long and involves training over three days: Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Conclusion This program is designed to improve the vertical jump in a professional volleyball player. The workouts are demanding but simple enough to complete in 40 minutes or less. More importantly, psychological factors have been taken into account. This is the reason for the variation in the program within each cycle. Subject may skip some workouts or be not interested in training because of physical or emotional stress. However, with proper supervision and coaching and compliance to this program, the subject will see not only increases in strength and power, but also improvement in vertical jumping and consequently physical performance.

Free Essays - Doctor Eckleburg of The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Doctor Eckleburg of The Great Gatsby Reading through the novel The Great Gatsby, it becomes evident that Dr. Eckelberg symbolizes God and oversees events that occur. The characters in the novel refer to "the eyes of Dr. Eckelberg" often. Doctor T.J. Eckleburg symbolizes three things. He symbolizes the corruption of society; his eyes represent the eyes of an omnipotent God, and he implies carelessness and mistreatment. "The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic-their retinas are one yard high. They look out of no face but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose." This is a quote from Nick Carraway, the central figure of the story and the voice of Jay Gatsby. Dr. Eckelburg is introduced at this point. He takes on an image of a human figure, which he is characterized as at many times throughout the novel, and that of a Godlike figure. Doctor Eckleburg's eyes were referred to once again by Nick when he was driving in his car with Tom, Gatsby, and Daisy on a trip to New York City. "We were all irritable now with the fading ale and, aware of it, we drove for a while in silence. Then as Doctor T. J. Eckleburg's faded eyes came into sight down the road I remembered Gatsby's caution about gasoline." On the way to New York they remember that they need to refuel gasoline. It is at the gas station that it is learned that Wilson plans on moving his wife Myrtle out west due to the fact that he discovers Myrtles disloyalty. Nick senses an infidelity between Daisy and Tom Buchanan also. On the trip back from New York Gatsby and Daisy are driving together, and they accidentally run into Daisy. Tom suspects that Gatsby was the one that was driving; however it was really Daisy. The quote used to describe Dr. Eckelburg's eyes was an example of the symbolism of carelessness and corruption of society. Mr. Wilson is the only person that associates Dr. T.J. Eckleburg with God. "Standing behind him Michaelis saw with a shock that he was looking at the eyes of Doctor T.J.

Essay on Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice -- Pride and Preju

Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any literary work the title and introduction make at least some allusion to the important events of the novel. With Pride and Prejudice, Austen takes this convention to the extreme, designing all of the first and some of the second half of the novel after the title and the first sentence. The concepts of pride, prejudice, and "universally acknowledged truth" (51), as well as the interpretation of those concepts, are the central focus of the novel. They dictate the actions of almost all the major characters (not just Darcy and Elizabeth), and foreshadow all of the major events in the novel, especially in the first few chapters, involving the first ball at Netherfield. While Darcy comes to represent pride, and Elizabeth prejudice, all of the characters in Pride and Prejudice are impacted by both pride and prejudice, and their scorn towards the two central characters in the novel becomes only hypocritical.    While everyone (at first) scorns Darcy's excessive pride, that very same pride in self and family effects the actions of many of the characters. Pride in her daughters makes Mrs. Bennet confident that they will soon be married off. "It is very likely," she tells her husband, "that [Bingley] may fall in love with one of them" (52). Pride makes the early Darcy cold and disrespectful, and Miss Bingley haughty, jealous, and spiteful. "[The Bingley sisters] were in fact very fine ladies...but proud and conceited. They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first private seminaries in town, had a fortune of twenty thousand pounds...and were therefore in every respect entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly of others" (63). Pride drives Mr. Col... ...Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. Butler, Marilyn. Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. Oxford. Claredon Press, 1975 Harding, D. W. "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 291-295. "Jane Austen, " Discovering Authors' Modules, http://galenet.gale.com/a/acp/netacgi/nphrs?d=DAMA&s1=bio&s2=Austen,+Jane&1=50&pg1=DT&pg2=NM&p=17    Johnson, Claudia L. "Pride and Prejudice and the Pursuit of Happiness." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 367-376. Mudrick, Marvin."Irony as Discovery in Pride and Prejudice." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 295-303. Sherry, Norman. Jane Austen. London. Montegue House, 1966   

Alcohol And The Fetus Essay -- essays research papers

Know When to Say When   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drinking during pregnancy is often thought of as no big deal. However, drinking during pregnancy is a very big deal. An unborn baby’s life is in the hands of the mother. If she decides to drink, she is risking the unborn’s chances of being as smart and healthy as it can be. Drinking during pregnancy opens the doors to a variety of harmful effects on the mother and her unborn baby, and until this is brought out in the open with honesty, it cannot be prevented. There are many stereotypes about the women that drink while they are pregnant. One stereotype believed by professional doctors is that women that are college-educated and wealthy are going to drink less or not at all during pregnancy, and the poorer and uneducated women are going to drink more during pregnancy. However, just as stereotypes usually turn out, the complete opposite is true. Women who receive college degrees are four times more likely to drink during pregnancy than women who only receive a high school diploma. Some statistics show that mothers who go to community and rural health centers to receive care are counseled more than mothers who go to private doctors’ offices. People should not make assumptions about something so important especially if it concerns a person’s health (Walsh 2-3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those assumptions may go beyond stereotyping of individuals and carry over to what is a safe level of alcohol. Some people believe that drinking a little amount of alcohol will not harm the fetus. However, in reality, â€Å"there is no known safe level of alcohol consumption for pregnant women† (Walsh 2). A woman runs the risk of having a child with defects if she drinks regularly (Orenberg 167). â€Å"Binge drinking, or heavy alcohol consumption at one sitting, is particularly hazardous to the fetus because very high levels of alcohol enter the mother’s blood stream† (â€Å"Fetal Alcohol†). High levels of alcohol consumption can leave the fetus exposed longer making birth defects more severe (â€Å"Fetal Alcohol†). The fetus is exposed longer because its organs are still developing, therefore, taking the fetus twice as long to break down the alcohol (Walsh 2). As a result of this, the fetus’ blood-alcohol level is much hi gher than the mother’s, thus meaning that at the moment the mother starts to feel the effects of the alcohol, the unborn bab... ...aired (Bunch 3:87). As for the rest of the defects that come with fetal alcohol syndrome, there is not much hope for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the knowledge about potential effects on the fetus, births of babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome occur often. â€Å"In industrialized Western countries about one in every hundred babies is affected† (Bunch 3:87). In fact, â€Å"eight out of every hundred pregnant women go into labor sometime after the 15th week of pregnancy, but before the pregnancy has reached its full term roughly 40 weeks. If birth occurs before the 36th week, or 9th month, the baby might be too small to survive on its own outside the womb† (Orenberg 159). Even if there is one occurrence of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome that is one occurrence too many.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drinking during pregnancy opens the doors to a variety of harmful effects on the mother and her unborn baby, and until this is brought out in the open with honesty, it cannot be prevented. It is sad to hear about women that do not quit drinking when they find out that they are pregnant. It is a moral obligation not to jeopardize the well being of the unborn child.

How Would you physicalise a charcter from a play Essay

Too physicalise a character from a play you need to have studied the specific character in a reasonable amount of detail, so you can portray them correctly. To do this effectively you need to do various exercises, all which will help you grasp the character the best you can. There are several methods which can help you to understand a character eg: Hot Seating, Spider Diagrams, and Workshops etc. In our lesson we explored the character by Hot Seating, Character Profiles and other exercises. Hot seating is an extremely effective method, as it puts you on the spot answering various questions in your characters persona. It helps lock in the information about the character you’re playing. You need to understand the questions being asked from your characters point of view so you can understand who your character is and why. We used this method in our lesson, and i found it was an effective way of physicalising a character. Another exercise we did in class which was effective was one where we were told to hold a pose in the form of our character then walk around the room in the characters style. This is a great exercise because although Hot Seating, Profiles are good they focus mainly on the psychological side, where as this focused on the physical aspect of the character. Character Profiles I believe are an essential tool in bringing a character to life. Because it allows you to go deep in to the information about the character, their background, family life, nationality etc. These aspects are what form how a character behaves and why they feel certain things. For example Stanley in Street Car Desire, has a particular hatred for being called a ‘polak’ as his family originates from Poland and deems the phrase derogatory towards them. Spider Diagrams are effective in showing your characters relations with other characters in the play. These are essential to know as it may influence why the act a certain way around someone. How did you explore the use of Verbal and Non=Verbal.

Nursing Facilitator Model

cargon for Facilitator vex Evaluation of the Practical tax deduction of Implementing this Model I can give this care for facilitator sit down in my declargon toyplace which is a health check screen alone sh ar multiple explosive charge setting at times. I am an active nursing member of the harbor which gives me an prospect to share my beliefs and bewilder with former(a) members in the cover for the improvement of the trade. This set specific bothy foc offices on four corners of nursing which can be easily accepted in general portion outs and help give-up the ghost discordant confusion during the go for.It is constructed in a round-eyed way. I also blend in as a diabetic vox of the ward. Hence, I get chances to interact with nurses of zero(pre noneeinal)-homogeneous wards during the meetings and this inflates my chances to explore the fostering to them. The easy method acting to expose this pretense among my colleagues at workplace is via ward meetin g. Support from the leaders and opportunity to rehearse them in real bearing settings is essential too. non only this I can consult with the senior nurses of the hospital rough their beliefs in the poseur and run through my model of business organization through their support.From my father of working in a restless emergency to a quiet mitigatory setting, I am confident that this model allow for every bit benefit to arrive the proficiency of nursing and help ascension uncomplaining role care. They are quite sick to know my model and voiced that they are inspired by this model to use it in routine nursing cares. This allow be implemented in unhomogeneous settings to be considered successful after(prenominal) macrocosm accepted by the members of my workplace who are departing to accept change in their daily sustenance.This model help nurses to prognosticate their duty of care remain at bottom the scope of practice and accept the office of their action. This m odel is establish on evidence-based practice and is completely based on the enduring and health care holds. It consists of the concepts of real life practice without providing major effort to use in an individual practice. My experience of golf-club years of nursing in various sectors in unlike countries has explored the basic lead of nursing as experience and training equally, valuing critical thinking skills, technical skills and friendship on court-ordered circumstances.This model depart also assist to reduce the col between the patient and nurse kind. The foresighted term influences will be to heighten the healing process of the patient, giving them contentment during their short hospital stay and nurses without macrocosm burnt down. My model suggests holding the legal and ethical boundary in the meantime. ane of the crucial parts of nurses is accepting the responsibility and being accountable to the responsibility remaining within their scope of practice. This m odel is intentional to be adapted by all the nursing members of my workplace.This model identify nurses need to learn through evidence based practice and reprimand from the colleagues past experience. It should admit individual difference in the care attitude and care pattern to the patient in the small ward akin ours. This model will be identify in the notice board after discussed and informed to the colleagues and senior staffs of the ward. at that placefore it will provide me the chance to receive advice or alter any changes if demand from the other(a) members of the team. Once the effectiveness has been achieved, it will be published in a newssheet after deriveing further interests from other wards too.This model is economically feasible in the sequestered health care system imputable(p) to managerial support of further education and quality improvement of the care. The other factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as cultural background, religion, spirituality, indiv idual level of understanding, family and peer support, community help and discourse affects the nursing facilitator model. What is missing in my model? I have not considered esthetic and interpretive reflection in this model but I have include experiential reflectivity. The neutral interpretative reflection guides nurses with diversity of decision making skills and bring up their experience.Self reflection is an effective method of gaining knowledge. I think interpretive reflection is equally important to consider learning lane in nursing. However, I think it power be the cause of misinterpretation of things at times. Sometimes it gets out of context and leads to negativity. in that respect are further needs of ontogeny the tools for this model. Is this model financially feasible? every(prenominal) the residents and citizens of Australia have current Medicare to cover their medical bills. I currently work in a reclusive hospital of Australia and approximately of patients he re are covered with private health cover.This model is designed for the bountiful health care system and different circumstances will be needed in other settings such(prenominal) as child birth and pediatric care. react will be taken offset ahead the implementation of the facilitator model. The hospital where I work is considered as one of the biggest private hospital of the area. Therefore, it is financially feasible model. There will be a questionnaire essential to conduct the follow up endpoint of the tests. It will include the quality of care time consumed and further advises to improve the care design.The follow up can be attended though mails, emails or regular telephone according to the desire of the patient and family. I found that the most exhilarating area of this model is geriatric care setting hence my main centering will be ancient patients. Not only that the majority of age separate admitted in the medical ward are geriatric patients. In most of the reali ty hospital there is a have sustenance from community health, Government of health and ageing Australia and specific funding such as palliative care funding.This ward had private health care funding as well as political relation supported funding. Actions seem to be taken place in the case of elderly abuse at times but most of the times it is missed due to the cognitive issues such as derangement in majority of them. The trial will be commenced from the geriatric ward before formulating on any other wards such as surgical or paediatric ward. This model will require mho weekly follow up to gain the feedback of the model and review the response from the other support services. Can the nursing Facilitator Model improve nursing care in my area of work?This is a simple model that represents the central beliefs of nursing in a general ward setting. I look forward to present this nursing facilitator model in my area of work after developing the testing tools. I will enhance interests towards this model in the workplace by involving everyones ideas. It considers the relationship between different values in nursing for the provision of safe and soft care. It directs the nurses to deliver holistic care, respecting their culture and beliefs. It is about comprehending the leadership, individual decision making skills and education. ReferencesBrown, D & Edwards, H 2008 (eds), Lewis Medical-surgical nursing discernment and Management of Clinical Problems, 2nd edn, Elsevier, Australia. Bu, X & Jezewski, MA 2007, Developing a Mid-range possibility of Patient Advocacy through notion Analysis, Journal of Advanced treat, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 10110. Canam, CJ 2008, The Link between care for Discourses and Nurses Silence Implications for a Knowledge-based Discourse for treat for breast feeding Practice, Advances in Nursing Science, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 296-307. Croke, EM 2006, Nursing Malpractice determine Liability Elements for Negligent Acts, Journal of ratified Nurse Consulting, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 3-7. Hunter, LA 2008, Stories as Integrated Patterns of Knowing in Nursing Education, International Journal of Nursing Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-13. McMurray, A & Clendon, J 2011, fellowship wellness and Wellness Primary Health Care in Practice, Elsevier, Australia. Lundqvist, A & Nilstun, T 2009, Noddingss caring ethics possibleness applied in a pediatric setting, Blackwell publishing, Nursing Philosophy, vol. 10, pp. 113-23. Negarandeh, R, Oskouie, F, Ahmadi, F & Nikravesh, M 2008 The Meaning Of Patient Advocacy For Iranian Nurses, Nursing Ethics, vol 15, no. , pp. 457-466. Sheldon, LK & Ellington, L 2008, finish of a model of Social development processing to nursing theory how nurses suffice to patients, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 388-398. Sitzman, KL 2007, Teaching-Learning paid sympathize with based on dungaree Watsons Theory of Human Caring, International Journal of Human Caring, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 8-16. Vace k, JE 2009, Using a Conceptual salute with concept mapping to Promote captious Thinking, Journal of Nursing Education, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 45-8.